2036, Darnga ?

Ayaawo cokkindiral leydi e meteorit

Ko jeddondiral : ina wiyee annduɓe Amerik mbiyiino darnga darotoo ko e hitaande 2012 ; Riis en mbiyi wonaa goonga, nge darotoo ko e 2036. Addani ɓe wiyde noon, ko won «haayre» mawnde (meteorit) seedaa e nder niɓɓe kammu, inniraande Apofis (Apophis), jogornde sokkondirde e leydi e hitaande 2036, so tawii alaa ko waɗaa ɗoo e ndeen. Hoto paayee ! Wiyaa ko ina waawi waɗa, wonaa huunde siirnde : sikkannde majjum ina tolnoo e gootel nder 45 000 walla nii, e wiyde annduɓe NASA, e gootel nder 250 000 ;

ɗum ɗoon ko tuugaade e hiisa mo ɓe mbaɗi.  Kaaɗoo haala fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2004. Ko annduɓe to duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Pise, ɓe alaa ko toppitii so wonaa reende geɗe baawɗe buɓɓondirde e leydi, teskinoo wonde won haayre yiytaa ina waawi maa rew saraaji leydi men ndi ñalnde 13 abriil 2029, hade mum sokkondirde e mum duuɓi jeeɗiɗi caggal ɗuum, woni e hitaande 2036. Hawrata ko e aljumaa : oɗon nganndi kam ɗum wonaa ko fepindaa ! Ndeen haayre inniraa ko «2004 NM4». Yiyti nde ko Roy Tucker gonɗo to ƴeewirde wootere ina to Tucson, Arisona, Amerik. Ngam ruppaade hoddiro, annduɓe innitiri nde « Apophis » (Apofis), innde seekaande e ‘Apep’, hono ‘Pirtoowo’ woni innde gooto e allaaji Ejiptenaaɓe ɓooyɓe.

So Alla, laawol Apophis e hitaande 2029, ina woɗɗi en seeɗa : ɗuum ina foti deeƴnude ɓerɗe ; kono ɗuum dey haɗataa wonde eɗum waawi laataade : fof fawii ko e baylagol tiindo Apofis. Ɗum noon, annduɓe ɓe mbiyi « ina ŋata, ŋatataa fof, woɗɗinde koyngal mum ɓuri ».

Hol feere majjum ?

Ina jeyaa e palaŋuuji NASA neldude, e hitaande 2013, laanel potngel joɗɗinoyde « jaabotoongel rajo » dow Apofis, mbele yimɓe ina mbaawa anndude ko siiri tolno maggel, e sahaa kala, e nder kammu he.

So tawaama haa hannde siiraani, heewɓe ina miijoo yo nde bommbe ; kono ɗuum wonaa feere moƴƴere sibu so nde fusii, ko ndeen kadi ɓuri hulɓinaade.

Kono nde tawnoo ganndal suuɗaaki ko ko wirnii tan, annduɓe NASA wiyeteeɓe Edward Lu e Stanley Love, kollitii feere mum en, nde alanaa en tanaa, tawa kadi ina hisma Apofis, woppa ɗum, jokka e haaju mum … : ɗum woni neldude takko (sara) Apofis laanel weeyo tokosel, ngel ɓuraani kabin Apollo mawnude, tawa marsinta ɗum ko semmbe ummiiɗo e naange : fooɗo hakkunde maggel e Apofis, maa selnu Apofis laawol mum, waasa naatde e bolol gaddantunoongol ɗum buɓɓondirde e leydi.

Peeje goɗɗe ina miijaa ko wayi no huccinde e mayre daarorɗe mbele semmbe cereeli naange ina ngulna nde, nde sela bolol bonngol e men ngol. Peeje ɗee kala ina ɗaɓɓi ganndugol timmungol nokku haayre nde e kala sahaa.

So pelɓondiral waɗii

Batte pelɓondiral hakkunde haayre nde 320 meeteer njaajeendi e leydi ina kulɓinii : semmbe majjum (teddeendi haayre nde ko miliyoŋaaji 20 ton) ina yerondira, ko famɗi fof e 875 megaaton (875 miliyoŋ ton), woni laabi 58 000 bommbo mo Aemrik werlinoo e Hiroshima. Geɗe ɗiɗi ina mbaawi kewde : maa wonii Apofis (Apophis) yanii e njoorndi walla e geec. So o yanii e njoorndi, kalitgol buɓɓannde nde ina waawi waɗtude leydi potndi e Espaañ maa Farayse mawnugol, karawal. So o yanii e Geec, bonannde ndee kadi, ko jaasi fof maa fot e ndeya.

Bookara Amadou : Ƴoogirde www.slate.fr

Aadee heddoraa ko duuɓi 100 fat !

Njaatum neɗɗo

Aadee ko ko nattata woodde e winndere he. Alaa ko mbaaw-ɗen waɗde hankadi ngam falaade ɗuum. Hankadi ñaawaama ! No mbaaw-ɗen goongɗinirde kaaɗoo haala ? Jaaynde bayyinnde ɗum nde ko jaaynde ganndal heptinaande. Nde wiyetee ko Australian. Ko kayre bayyini haala ganndo gooto Ostralinaajo biyeteeɗo Frank Fenner, ceedtanaaɗo ganndal ko fayti e « ñifgol ciiri tagooje ». Omo jeyaa e «akaademi gannde» to Ostraali.

O heɓii njeenaaje keewɗe sabu wiɗtooji makko ; tee o wallifiima ko ina wona 100 winndannde ganndal siyaas. Omo yahra hannde e duuɓi 95. O heewaani haala. Ko o ganndo mawɗo ko fayti e « baylagol ciiri » (évolution), ganndal ngal o wiɗtiri e denndaangal mbaydiiji : gila e tolno ɓurɗo famɗude haa e ɓurɗo mawnude, e nder weeyo haa e taariindi.

E wiyde Fenner, ko en nattooɓe woodde sibu en keewii haa ɓurti. Ndeke ko keeweendi men jogori yooɓaade en. E wiyde Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe maa limoore men yetto miliyaaruuji 6,9 ndeeɗoo hitaande. Ko ndiiɗoo keeweendi kam e « kuutoragol men ngaluuji tago » ngol yuɓɓaani, saabotoo majjugol aadee.

Batte gadane « sifaa nguurndam men » ko ɓeyadagol nguleeki weeyo : to ooɗoo fannu kadi Fenner moƴƴinaani jikke. E miijo makko, ɓeydagol nguleeki weeyo woni tawo ko e fuɗɗoode mum, hay so tawii won ko puɗɗi-ɗen yiyde heen. O ɓeydi heen « Homo Sapiens ko ko majjata, ina gasa ɗoo e duuɓi 100. Ko noon kadi wonannde kullon keewkon. Tee hay huunde waawaa ɗum falaade hankadi. Mi yiɗaa haalde ɗum no feewi sibu won etotooɓe waylude geɗe ɗe ».

Wonannde Fenner, en mbaawaa daɗde ndeeɗoo fodoore : mbaaw-ɗen tan ko leeltinde huunde nde woorotaako.

Annduɓe heewɓe ina ngondi e makko e kaaɗoo haala, kono tan wonaa kamɓe fof calii wonde ko ɗum huunde nde waawaa duuñteede. Gooto e gollodiiɓe makko, biyeteeɗo Boyden, ɓuri moƴƴinde jikke. Oon wiyi « Ina gasa tawa ko Frank haali ko ina woodi, kono tan huunde e amen ina njaakorii maa aduna o faam ngonka ka, maa ɗum addan en waɗde mbayliigaaji katojinaaɗi haa njetto-ɗen ƴellitaare duumiinde. »

Fenner noon, ko e ngolɗoo konngol tan nanngtii « ko idii hannde ɓurnoo », « sukaaɓe tokosɓe yonta men hannde o kawroyta ko e aduna caɗtuɗo no feewi ».

Alaa ko dañaa e batu Kopenhag

Maande pottital Kopenhag

Alaa ko dañaa e batu Kopenhag : wonaa Fedde adunaare toppitiinde ngonka weeyo, wonaa payndaale laaɓtuɗe, wonande ustugol gaasuuji gaddooji seer. Obama e huunde e hooreeɓe leyɗe kawriino e piɓondiral ngal jaɓaaka haa laaɓti e batu he, so wonaa dey, batu ngu wiyi «yiyii» ko hollitaa ko. E ndeen eɓɓaande nde 26 leyɗe ƴellitiiɗe cakkiti, ina wiyaa heen wonde ɓe teeŋtinii fayndaare

maɓɓe haaɗnude ɓeydagol nguleeki e degreeji 2, kono alaa lajal dottaa ngam yettaade ndeen fayndaare.

Kono, no wayi wayde fof, leyɗe mawɗe ɓurɗe waawde posnude weeyo ɗe, cakkitɗe ndeen winndannde, kawrii e huunde : so jooɗodaade hakkunde mum en tan (leyɗe mbaylaandi mawɗe, Dental Amerik, Orop, Siin, Inndo, Beresiil, Afrik worgo) e maayirɗe saawiyee ngam dottude, e binndol, ko gooto fof foti ustude e gaasuuji ɗi. Caggal ɗum, ɓe kawritoya ɗoo e lebbi jeegom to Almaañ, ngam heblidde batu njowitiingu e kilimaa, potngu jooɗaade to Meksiko ɗoo e hitaande.

E maayirɗe 2010, Amerik e Siin, ɓurɓe waawde posnude weeyo ɓe, kawra ngam fiɓde ko waɗɗii gooto e mum en kala ngam haɓde e ɓeydagol nguleeki weeyo.

Ina wiyaa e bayyinaango politik ngo wonde ina maa booñ sose, tolniiɗo e 30 miliyaar dolaar potɗi renndude e 2010-2011-2012, e 100 miliyaar dolaar ɗo e hitaande 2020. Oon booñ waɗanaa ɗum, ko ɓuri teeŋtude, ko leyɗe ɓurɗe farwude ɗe. E miijo «Leyɗeele worgo» (ko ɓuri heewde e leyɗe pamare doole), leyɗe «rewo» njaɓɓii doosɗe Fedde ngenndiije sabu mum en diisnondirde e nder sirlu, haa nanondiri e koye mum en.

Sabu nanondiral kuftodinngal waasde heɓeede, batu ngu wiyi wonde «teskiima» nanondiral Kopenhag. Wonande pelle daraniiɗe kisal sato, ko waɗi ko, ko huunde yurminiinde, sibu ina wayi no «yimɓe nduttiima caggal», so ƴeewdaama e ko dañanoo e batu Kiyotoo.

Hol nde oo ngoƴa feeñi ?

Caɗeele jotondirɗe e kuutoragol karbon puɗɗii teskeede ko e feccere ɗiɗmere teeminannde 19ɓiire. Ɗum ardi ko mbaylaandi. Ina teskaa wonde nguleeki leydi fuɗɗii ɓeydaade ko e kitaale 1920, ɗum deŋi hade mum fuɗɗitaade ɓeydaade e kitaale 1970.  Joɗnde adannde yowitiinde e kilimaa (ngonka weeyo) jooɗii ko e 1985 to Wien (Vienne). Goomu karalleeɓe kalfinaangu reende ngonka weeyo (Giec) sosaa ko e hitaande 1988. Ngu woni ko e njiimaandi Fedde ngenndiije. Ngu fuɗɗii ko jeertinde winndere nde e batte kuutoragol won ɗeen geɗe ɓeydooje nguleeki ko e hitaande 2007. Ɗum jeyi sabaabu ngu rokkaa njeenaari Nobel e ndeen hitaande. E hitaande 1992, 131 hooreejo leydi ndennti to Rio de Janeiro to Beresiil, ngam ɓamde tuugnorgal baɗngal 2 500 bagginooje wonande teeminannde 21ɓiire, ngam ustugol jeñtingol ɗeen geɗe ɓeydooje nguleeki. E lewru desammbar 1997, 84 dowla ciifi ko anndiraa piɓondiral Kiyoto. Leyɗeele mbaylaandi kunii ustude biimtagol gaasuuji 6 gaddooji «seer». E noowammbar 2009, 187 leydi njaɓii nanondiral ngal. Leyɗe bayɗe no Inndo e Siin njiɗaano nawdeede e leyɗe ɓooyɗe e mbaylaandi (ɓooyɗe posnude weeyo) haa njettii ɗo njettii hannde ɗo. E oon sahaa, Amerik e Siin e Riisi e Inndo ɓuri fof heewde ko posnata weeyo. Ɗum haɗaani Siin e Inndo siifde nanondiral ngal. Riisi noon ɗeɓaani, sabu mum hulde hoto ɗum telɓinde ƴellitaare mum. Ndi wattini ko jaɓde siifde e hitaande 2004. Nii woni nanondiral ngal waawi fuɗɗaade siyneede e febariyee 2005. E hitaande 2007, joɗnde yuɓɓinaa to Indonoosi, dumunna seeɗa caggal caaktugol ciimtol nayaɓol Goomu haralleeɓe Giec ngoonɗinngu wonde saabii ɓeydagol nguleeki weeyo ko gaasuuji gaddooji seer. Fiɓaa e ndeen joɗnde ko ciifgol nanondiral adunankeewal potngal lomtaade nanondiral Kiyoto, e batu Kopenhag.

Hannde, o eɗen mbaawi wiyde wonde alaa heen ko laatii. 

Gaasuuji ɓeydooji nguleeki weeyo

maande batu Kopenhag

 -  Go’o : Mbiimtam ndiyam (so a fasnii ndiyam, aɗa yiya ko wayi no cuurki nii ina wiimtoo : ko ndiyam wonti ɗoon cuurki). Gaasuuji gaddoojii seer ɗii kala so ndenndinaama, mbiimtam ndiyam wonata heen ko 70%. Kono, nde tawnoo ɗam ɓooyataa e weeyo (balɗe 10 so heewii), batte majjam e ɓeydagol nguleeki ina pamɗi (ɗam wontata ko duule walla lay). Yanti heen, wonaa golle aadee ngaddata ɗum, sibu ɗum jeyaa ko e baylagol diƴƴe gaadorangol.

 

- Gaas karbonik (CO2) e gaas biyeteeɗo metaan walla won ɗiin gasuuji ummotooɗi e «filtoks», walla ɓuuɓnooji (gaasuuji filsideer ekn …) walla kadi ko wiyetee Oson ko, ko gaasuuji gaddooji «seer», ɓooyooji no feewi e nder weeyo (hakkunde duuɓi 20 e duuɓi 50 000), tawi yoga heen ko aadee saabii ɗum en. Gaas karbonik ina waawi wonnde 100 hitaande e nder weeyo. Omo jogii iwdiiji ɗiɗi : kuɓɓugol geɗe ummiiɗe e ɓarakke nguurndam (petroŋ, ƴulɓe, cuurki laaɗe ekn …) walla ustagol leɗɗe (maaygol dunli, walla cumu ladde …). Ko neɗɗo woni sabaabu ko ɓuri heewde e makko. 

- Gaas biyeteeɗo metaan oo ne, ina waawi wonde e weeyo fotde duuɓi 14. Omo waawi ummoraade e sato (alaa ko neɗɗo woni heen) e nokkuuji leppuɗi e ñolgol puɗi … walla o ummoroo e ndema (gese ilneteeɗe) ekn…

- Gaas biyeteeɗo protoksid asot (N2O) heewi ummoraade ko e ndema (engere) walla kuɓɓugol ɓarakke nguurndam, walla e golle mbaylaandi (isinaaji).

- Gaasuuji kuutorteeɗi e «filitoks» walla e «filsideeruuji» maa kilimatiseeruuji ekn … ko neɗɗo woni sabaabu mum en. Eɗi mboni e weeyo no feewi. 

-  Gaas biyeteeɗo Oson oo noon, maa rennda e won ɗiin gaasuuji goɗɗi nde jogoo batte ɗe moƴƴaani e weeyo. Bonannde makko kadi fawii ko e nokku ɗo o tawetee : won e nokkuuji (tooweeki hakkunde 12 e 50 kiloomeeteer) o ɓuuɓtintu weeyo (ɗo, omo moƴƴi e men).

Ko firti «batte seer»

Ko ɓuri heewde e cereeli naange taccat weeyo, njana e leydi, ngulna ɗum. Leydi ne, «rokkita» (wukkita) huunde e kiin nguleeki feewde e weeyo. Mbiimtam ndiyam e gaas karbonik e gaasuuji goɗɗi (woni gaasuuji gaddooji seer) moɗa kiin nguleeki, kaɗa ɗum ŋabbude, nii woni ɓeyda nguleeki weeyo. Ko oo silsil woni ko wiyetee «batte seer».

Daartol : Seek Anta Joop e golle mum

Seek Anta Joop

Seek Anta Joop jibinaa ko ñalnde 29 desammbar 1923 to Ceytu diiwaan Jurbel to Senegaal. Nde o dañi duuɓi 30 o yahi Pari ngam janngoyde fisik e Simi (physique et chimie) kono o wayli o faati e daartol e ganndal renndo. Ɗoon ɗoon miijo makko heertini, sibu yoga e oropnaaɓe mbiyatnoo ko Afriknaaɓe ngalaa daartol. E nder wiɗto makko ngam heɓde doktoraa o holliti wonde idii hoɗde e Ejipte ndeen ko ɓaleeɓe Afrik, caggal ɗum ɗemngal e pinal Ejipt carii e nder Afrik hirnaange.

Ndee ɗoon deftere, anndiraande Ngenndiije ɓaleeɓe e pinal (Nations nègres et culture), dañii daraja mawɗo e winndere nde.

Nde tawnoo omo huɓindii gannde keewɗe, dalillaaji ɗi o hokki ngam dallinde ngooɗoo miijo ina tuugii e ganngal leƴƴi e ganndal ganni e pinal. Nii woni o holliti wonde Ejiptnaaɓe e ɓaleeɓe njiidi tagoodi (nguru ɓanndu, leeɓi, kine e toni). O holliti kadi pinal Ejiptnaaɓe ɓuri ɓallaade ko pinal Afirik ɓaleeɓe, kadi ɗemngal Wolof kam e hoore mum ina nanndi no feewi e ɗemngal Ejiptnaaɓe kaalatnoo ndeen ngal.  Gaa-gaa ɗumɗoon Joop daraniima ndimaagu leyɗe Afrik kam e yo Afrik fof won leydi ngootiri.  Nde o arti Senegaal o jokki wiɗtooji makko to Iniwersitee Ndakaaru, haa arti to bannge jiidigal Egiptnaaɓe e Afriknaaɓe.

E nder kitaale 1970 UNESCO  halfini mo binndol huunde e deftere wiyeteende "Daartol Kuftodinngol Afrik" winndude, damal jowitiingal e iwdi Ejiptnaaɓe. Nii woni, e ngoon yeeso, o tawtoraa e hitaande 1974 batu winndereyankeewu njuɓɓinanoongu to Keer ngam binndol ngool daartol. Caggal gostondiral miijooji, fanniyankooɓe ɓurɓe maantinde e winndere nde (so wonaa gooto) kawri wonde geɗe ɗo o holliti, kanko e Teofil Obenga, jowitiiɗe e jiidigal hakkunde pinal Ejip ndeen e pinal Afrik, ina ngoodi. Porfeseer Jean Vercoutter wiyi : "to bannge binndol e pinal e hakilantaagal, Ejipt ko e Afrik jeyaa". Ko noon ne wonande Porfeseer Leclant. Kono tan haa hannde annduɓe ɓe ina luurdi to bannge anndude mbele woɗnooɓe e Ejipt ndeen ɓe ko ɓaleeɓe tan walla ko jilluɓe.  Porfeseer Seek Anta Joop sankii ko ñalnde 7 feebariyee 1986 to Ndakaaru. Hol dalillaaji ɗi Seek Anta Joop rokki ngam dallinde ngal jiidigal ?

“Afrik, mbootu winndere”

E wiyde Seek Anta Joop, neɗɗo (homo sapiens) idii feeñde ko e Afrik e nokkuuji tolniiɗi ŋori nguleeki ɗi. Annduɓe heewɓe noon ina ceedtii ɗum.  E wiyde makko, ɗum noon, homo sapiens ko ɓaleejo foti wonde, sibu, e tuugnaade e doosgal “Gloger” (ganndo wiyaa noon), tagoore wuurnde e ɗiin nokkuuji ɓalli mum en ina ɓula ngeɗon,  ko wiyetee «melaaniin» (mélanine) ngam faddanaade ɗum en cereeli naange. Ko oon melaaniin noon hokkata ɓalndu goobu mum ɓaleewu ngu.  Nii woni, so en ndewii miijo Seek Anta, duuɓi ujunnaaje keewɗe, ko ɓaleeɓe tan nguurnoo e Aduna o, tawi kadi ko e Afrik  tan, nokku ɗo ƴiye yimɓe jiyteteeɗe ɓuri fof ɓooyde e leydi, fotde kitaale 150 000. E nder duuɗe keddiiɗe ɗe, ƴiye ɓurɗe ɓooyɗe jiytaaɗe, duuɓi mum en ɓuraani 100 000 hitaande.  E sifaa kuftodinɗo, ƴiye jiyteteeɗe e Afrik ɗe ɓuri ɓooyde. Aɗa ɓeydoo woɗɗitaade Afrik tan noon, ƴiye yimɓe jiyteteeɗe ɗe duuɓi mumina ɓeydoo famɗude. Alaa fof ko yiytaa haa hannde ko luulndii ngalɗoo doosgal ganndiraangal «Out of Africa».  Nde tawnoo Afrik ina yaaji no feewi (30 miliyoŋ kiloomeeteer cowaaɗo), ina sikkaa tagoore nde ƴellitiima ɗo e nder duuɓi keewɗi. Ina teskaa boom wonde ubbitte walla batte (ƴiye jiyteteeɗe) bannge fuɗnaange walla bannge worgo Afrik ɓuri ɓooyde e ubbitte jiyteteeɗo bannge hirnaange walla rewo Afrik ɗe. Njaajeendi ndeeɗoo duunde e ceertugol ngonkaaji weeyo mum, addii ceertugol yimɓe to bannge mbaydi e darnde e tagoodi. E nder duuɓi ujunnaaji dewɗi heen, hankadi yimɓe ɓe ngoni e uujde faade duuɗe goɗɗe, ɓurɗe ɓallaade, ko wayi no Asii walla Orop. E wiyde Joop, so tawii ko Afrik woni «mbootu winndere», ndeke pinal ummorii ko Afrik. Ndeke wonaa daartol tan Afrik jogii; Afrik woni fuɗɗoode, ko Afrik woni mbootu.  Haa e feccere teeminannde noogasiire (Teeminannde XX), ngooɗoo miijo Seek Anta Joop ina luurondirnoo no feewi e ko annduɓe mbayyintunoo ko, gila noon e Hegel, Hume, Kant, Rousseau, Hobbes, ekn … Nii woni, deftere makko wiyeteende “Nations nègres e culture”  woni go’o to bannge luggiɗgol wiɗto daartol Afrik gadiingol dahngo ɓaleeɓe (traites négrières) e sahaaji ɓurɗi ɓooyde.  Ina sikkaa noon ko waylowaylooji weeyo ngaddi uujooji aadee, faade duuɗe goɗɗe, ɗum ɗoon noon ko fawaade e keɓagol nguura (jawdi e leɗɗe), e rewrude e nokkuuji ɓurɗi newaade taccude (détroit Aden, Isthme Suees, détroit Gibraltar). Ndeke so wiyaama wonde ko e Afrik neɗɗo idii jarribaade karallaagal paytungal e ndema, alaa ko haawnii heen. Nii woni, ko ɗo e Afrik tafngo fuɗɗorii, mahngo fuɗɗorii, nehngo fuɗɗii, ndema e ndefu puɗɗorii hade mum en saraade feewde nokkuuji goɗɗi.

BAB

Ƴoogirde : wikipédia

Seek Anta Joop : Ejipteyaagal e Afrikyaagal

Seek Anta Joop e nder Biro mum

Jiydigal mbaadi

E wiyde Seek Anta Joop, pinal ejiptnaaɓe e pinal ɓaleeɓe Afrik ko gootal. Won annduɓe woɗɓe kaali hono ɗuum, ko wayi no Herodote, Strabon walla Shampolliyon. O wiyi kadi wonde ejiptnaaɓe, e nder ɗemngal mum en, cifortonoo koye mum ko leñol ɓaleeɓe (ɓaleejo/kam). O dalliniri ɗum ko natal gootal gannominngal gorko e debbo ina njooɗii tawi firo mum ko nii "dental worɓe e rewɓe ɓaleeɓe"…

Hol ko addani Ejiptnaaɓe waawde seerndude koye mum en e heddiiɓe ɓe, e fawaade e mbaadi mum en ? Hay yimɓe Elam (ko nokku wiyaa noon to Iran) ɓe nganndu-ɗaa kam e Ejiptaaɓe njiydi sahaa, mbiyatnoo koye mum en ko Sag Gig, woni "Koye ɓaleeje" walla "Jeese ɓaleeje".

Jiydigal ɗemɗe

To bannge jiydigal ɗemngal, dalillaaji Joop ina peccoo e daawe ɗiɗi. Daawal gadanal ngal, ko ɗo o etotoo dallinde wonde ɗemngal kaaletenoongal Ejipt ndeen ngal jeyaaka e e ɗemɗe afrik-asii. Bannge goɗɗo o, o etii dallinde jiidigal hakkunde ɗemngal Ejipt ɓooyngal ngal e ɗemɗe kaaleteeɗe e Afrik ɓaleeɓe hannde ɗe. Nii woni, e miijo Joop kam e Obennga, ɗemɗe ɓaleeɓe Afrik hannde ɗe e ɗemngal Ejipt ndeen ngal njiydi iwdi.

Seek Anta Joop muuyni ko Wolof, o janngii ɗemngal Ejipt ɓooyngal ngal e tuma nde o janngata "Ejipteyaagal" (Egyptologie). Ko ɗum addani mo waawde teskaade nanndooji hakkunde ɗemɗe ɗiɗi ɗe, o woni e wiɗtude ngam anndude mbele ko ko hawriti tan, walla ko jiggondiral walla ko jiidigal woni hakkunde ɗee ɗemɗe. Yeru nanndooji hakkunde ɗemɗe ɗiɗi ɗe, Kemeciyee (Kemetien) woni ɗemngal Ejipt ndeen e Wolof :

Kemetiyee      Wolof                 Firo e Pulaar

nad                        lad                              naamndaade

nah                        lah                              reende (suurde)

benben                 bel bel                       feeñde.

Hono ɗii yeruuji ngasataa. E sifaa kuftodinɗo, ina teskaa kala kelme nannduɗe gowlugol, njiidi maanaa. Joop teskii tolnondiral hakkunde "n" Kemaciyee e "l" Wolof, walla hakkunde "nd" Kemaciyee e "ld" Wolof. Karallo mawɗo ko fayti e ɗemɗiyaagal to bannge daartol gooto, biyeteeɗo Ferdinaa de Sosuur (Ferdinand de Saussure) wiyi wonde hono ɗiiɗoo nanndooji meeɗaa wonde kawrital ɓolal, ko ɗum doosgal nii to bannge ɗemɗiyaagal ganndiraangal "sound laws".

Joop yondikinaaki e ɗuum tan, sibu o wiyi wonde o teskiima jiidigal to bannge lelngo e to bannge celluka hakkunde Wolof e Ejipt ɓooyɗo. Tee ɗeen doosɗe tolnondiral walla nanndooji teskaaɗi hakkunde Kemeciyee e Wolof, ngoodaani hakkunde Kemeciyee e ɗemɗe keddiiɗe ɗe, ko wayi no Hebree, Arab walla Berbeer. Obennga teskiima wonde ɗiiɗoo nanndooji ina ngoodi hakkunde Kemaciyee e ɗemɗe ɓaleeɓe Afrik keewɗe, haa arti noon hakkunde ɗemngal makko (Mboshi) e Kemaciyee. Ganndo biyeteeɗo Um Ndigi teskiima ɗum e Basaa (ɗemngal makko), Abuubakri Muusaa Lam waɗii wiɗtooji bayɗi noon e ɗemngal Pulaar. Ina wayi no Alin Anselin (Alain Anselin) teskiima nanndooji keewɗi, duumiiɗi, to bannge celluka ɗemngal, to bannge weeso e to bannge lelngo hakkunde ɗemngal Ejipyt ndeen e ɗemɗe ɓaleeɓe Afrik.

E wiyde Teofil Obennga, hay ganndo ɗemɗiyaagal daartol gooto yeddaani walla yiytaani ko luulndii wiɗtooji maɓɓe, kanko e Joop. Ɗumɗoo noon, e miijo makko, waawi wonde tan ko jiggondiral hakkunde ɗemɗe hoɗduɓe duuɓi ujunnaaji keewɗi. Yanti heen, waasde ɗemɗe biyaaɗe ɗe jiidude yonta, tawi kadi nokkuuji ɗo kaaletee ɗo ina ndeestondiri, ko daliilu goɗɗo wonande ngaal jiidigal hakkunde Ejiptnaaɓe ndeen e ɓaleeɓe Afrik. "Sabu pooɗtondiral nokkuuji ɗi, sikkaaka so tawii ko luɓondiral hakkunde ɗemɗe toɗɗingal lelngo e gowlugol e kelmeendi. Ɗum firti ko so tawii nanndi keewɗi teskaaɗi hakkunde ɗemngal Ejipt e yonta firawna en kam e kopte (copte) e ɗemɗe ɓaleeɓe Afrik hannde ɗe, ina yaakoraa woni ɗoon ko jiidigal. Nii woni daawal ɓilingal hakkunde ɗeeɗoo ɗemɗe, fotde 5000 hitaande, ko daliilu tiiɗɗo wonande jerondiral majje.

Ƴoogirde : Wikipédia

Firo BAB 

Daartol ɗanle weeyo.

Laana Riis en mbiyeteeka "Miir" ka

Ko ñalnde 20 sulyee 1969 koyɗol mawngol laatinoo goonga, Ameriknaaɓe ɗiɗo, hono Neil Amstrong e Edwin Aldrin mbinndi e daartol winndere nde kewu mo yaawataa yejjiteede. Oon ñalawma ko teskinɗo sibu, so en teyii mbiyen wonde ɗum hirjinii aadee, hokkii ɗum softeende jokkude golle ganndal ngam faamde e eeltude sato mum, sato ɓalliingo e woɗɗungo fof, ɓurngo mawnude e ɓurngo famɗude kala, ɓurngo faaɗde e ɓurngo yaajde kala.

Aadee jooɗiima ko juuti ina sikka wonde ko leydi men ndi woni wuddu tago, ina sikka wonde naange e koode fof ko kam en taarotoo leydi. Ɓooyaani ko nganndu-ɗen leydi men ndi ko geɗel tokosel, tokoñillel e nder weeyo ngo miijo aadee waawaa huɓindaade, hakke mawnugol mum, hakke pamɗugol kadi geɗe mum. Ko heen nganndu-ɗen wonde naange men nge ko hoodere. Koode ɗe, gaa gaa naange men nge, ina ngoɗɗi leydi men ndi no feewi : ɓurɗe ɓallaade en ɗe hakkunde mum en e naange ina wona 40 000 miliyaar kiloomeeteer. Faru (galaxie) mo ngon-ɗen e mum o, ina waɗi ko ina wona 100 miliyaar hoodere (naange). Annoore ina waawi dogde 100 000 hitaande gaynaani njuuteendi faru men o ; nde doga ko ɓuri 10 000 hitaande nde gaynaani tekkeendi makko. Ƴeewaa noon, annoore ina doga, e nder leƴƴannde wootere fotde 300 000 km (woni miliyaar e capanɗe jeetati miliyoŋ kiloomeeteer e nder waktu gooto) !

Ganndal tago, ɗum noon ganndal leydi men ndi e lewru waɗii daawe mawɗe ummaade 1957 feewde jooni, ɗum ko sabu ko wiyetee satelitaaji  (ko mbiyaten fiisee ko) taarotooɗi leydi. Kaɓirɗe gonɗe e ɗiin satelitaaji ina nelda leydi kabaruuji keewɗi jowitiiɗi e ganndal ngal nafoore mum alaa ɗo haaɗi.  Nii woni ina anndaa wonde lewru yowitii ko e leydi, ɗum firti ko lewru rewi tan ko e leydi ina taaroo ɗum, hono no leydi ndi e hoore mum taarortoo naange nii. Nder balɗe 27 e waktuuji 7 e hojomaaji 43 fof lewru ina arta ɗo tolninoo e weeyo (leydi kam ne firlotoo naange ko e nder balɗe 365 e waktuuji 6) ; kono noon lewru maayrata ko balɗe 29 e feccere. Yolnde hakkunde leydi e lewru ina millee e 384 454 km. Tekkeendi lewru ina wona kam ne 3 490 km. Tekkeendi leydi men ndi ko hedde 12 800 km. Leydi ina sowoo lewru, to bannge mawnugol fotde laabi 50. Ina sikkaa maale ndiyam nani toon. Kala nokku gonɗo e lewru ina yiya naange (wona e ñalawma) balɗe 14 e feccere, wona ko foti noon e nder niɓɓere (jamma). Ñalawma toon ina wuli haa ɓurti (alaa ko faddotoo cereeli naange), jammaaji mum ina jaangi haa ɓurti (fotde -150°C). Ko ɗum tagi yahooɓe toon ɓe ina njogii comci keeriiɗi ɓoornotoo. Jamɗe biyeteeɗe koymet (Alimiñoom) e njamndi ɓaleeri, kalsiyoom e mañesiyoom e tentaan ina tawee toon. Nduufdi lewru jogii ko sifaa ceenal leppungal.

Ɗum noon 20 sulyee 1969 ko ñalngu mawngu wonande winndere ndee kala, ko ñalngu poolgu neɗɗo e hare ganndal, kono kadi ko ñalnde heen Amerik daɗtii Dental Sowiyet (Riisi) e fannu weeyiyankaagal.

Danndu mawndu hakkunde ɗee leyɗe ɗiɗi ngam « laamaade » weeyo wonaa ñalnde heen fuɗɗii : ndu fuɗɗii ko caggal ñifgol jeyli hare adunankoore ɗiɗmere (39-45). Ndutto-ɗen heen seeɗa :

Ɗo adan ɗo ko Riisi en keednoo yeeso, ndaɗnoo seeɗa, sibu, ñalnde 4 oktoobar 1957 ɓe mberlii fisee maɓɓe gadano biyeteeɗo Spoutnik1, caggal ɗum, ñalnde 3 noowammbar 1957 kadi ɓe mberlii Spoutnik2, e ɓe njolni heen fittaandu, hono dawangel biyeteengel Laïka.

Ko maa ñalnde 1/02/1958 Amerik kam ne werlii (walla mbiyen lotti) fisee biyeteeɗo Explorer1. Kono Riis en taƴti daawal goɗngal, sibu ñalnde 4 oktoobar 1959 satelit maɓɓe biyeteeɗo Lunik-III waawii portilde (fotde) bannge lewru birniiɗo en o, mo anndananooka hay dara o. Ɓe ɗimmiti kadi ñalnde 12 feebariyee 1961, ɓe mberlii satelit maɓɓe gadano jolnuɗo neɗɗo, hono Vostok1 : yahnoo e kaan laana ko biyeteeɗo Youri Gagarine.

Ameriknaaɓe keptii ɓe e ɗuum ko ñalnde 20/02/1962 nde neldata John Glenn e nder satelit biyeteeɗo Mercury. Ko ɗoo noon Amerik daɗtii, sibu ñalnde 24/12/1968 Appolo 8 weeyi dow lewru ina jolni weeyiyankooɓe tato : Frank Borman, William Anders e James Lovell. Ñalnde heen ɓe ceediima « puɗal leydi » (ummagol leydi) : e nder cooyngal maɓɓe leydi men ndi, ɓe mbaawii seerndude njoorndi e diƴƴe ɗe (geecuuji). Lebbi joy fat pawtii heen Appolo 10 weeyi kadi dow lewru ngam waɗde refto huftodinngo golle potɗe waɗeede e ɗowgol ɗanngal Appolo 11 ngam juuraade e lewru. Ngam kadi teskaade e portilde nokku ɗo Apollo 11 foti juuraade ɗo : yahnoo e kaan laana ko wiyeteeɓe Thomas Stafford, John Young e Eugene Cernan.

Ñalnde 16 sulyee 1969 Apollo 11 duñi : aduna hooynii, werti noppi. Gila e teeruuji haa e nder gure ladde. Wonnoo e kaan laana ko kumaandaŋ Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, Edwin "Buɗɗ" Aldrin. Ñalnde 21 ɓe ngoni aadee en idiiɓe yaɓɓude e lewru.

Ñalnde 14 noowammbar 1969, Apollo 12 ɗiɗmiti Apollo 11, juurii e lewru.

Ñalnde 13 abriil 1970, Apollo 13, nokku laana ka, ɗo henndu foofateendu ndu mooftanoo ɗo kaliti nde laana ka ari haa faandii lewru. Yimɓe tati wonnooɓe heen ɓe nduttitii leydi.

Ñalnde 6 feebariyee 1971, Apollo 14 juurii e lewru. Wonnooɓe heen ɓe mbaɗii toon e lewru he fotfr waktuuji 7, he ɓe petti toon bal biyeteeɗo Golf.

Kono ñalnde 19 abriil, Riis en kewni goɗɗum : ɓe mberlii ko laana taartotooka leydi, tawi ko koɗaaka ko duumii, ɗum woni Saliout-1. Kono yimɓe tato wonnooɓe heen ɓe mbaɗii toon balɗe 23, tuggude 7 haa 30 suwee. Kono ɓe ngartaani, ɓe maayi aksidaa. Tuugnorgal Saliout joofi ko e hitaande 1986, caggal ko laana ka hoɗaa 313 ñalawma, fotde 2 500 jarribo ganndal tabitinaa toon.

Wonande Ameriknaaɓe, porogaraam Apollo joofi ko e Apollo 17. E ngaal ɗanngal, wonnooɓe e laana he mbaɗii to lewru to fotde 74 waktu, 59 hojom e leƴƴanɗe 30, ko ina wona balɗe tati.

1975 noon ko hitaande maantinirnde gollondiral hakkunde Riis e Amerik : Apollo e Sayouɗ potti nder weeyo, weeyiyanke Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Thomas Stafford e weeyiyanke Riis biyeteeɗo Alexis Leonoɓ, ndokkondiri toon juuɗe. Ɗum ko taaɓal mawngal to bannge karallaagal, kono kadi ko taaɓal mawngal to bannge politik : caggal danndu e ɓuraa ɓuraa, leyɗe ɗiɗi mawɗe ɗe pellitii wallondirde.

Ko ñalnde 7 feebariyee weeyiyankooɓe ɗiɗo njalti laana mum en, peerii nder weeyo ko ina wona waktuuji 5 tawa hakkunde mum en e laana mum en ina wona 100 meeteer. Ɗum waɗnoo ko e misiyoŋ Amerik keso biyeteeɗo Challenger.

Kono ñalnde 28 saawiyee laana Challenger kaliti hojom gooto caggal nde werlaa. Weeyiyankooɓe 7 wonnooɓe heen ɓee kala maayi, ina wonnoo heen rewɓe ɗiɗo.

Ñande 20 feebariyee 1986 Riis en mberlii hoɗorde weeyo duumiinde wiyeteende Mir (Jam e ɗemngal Riis) ; hakkunde mum e leydi ko 350 km. Ñalnde 13 mars 1986 misiyoŋ koɗaaɗo gadano « juurii » (walla mbiyen ceŋondiri) e Mir. Laana Miir ka, woɗtini ko woppeede sabu mum heewde fereeji, ko duppaa e hitaande 2001.

Hade ɗuum, Ameriknaajo e Riis gooto njahdii to Mir, ngoni toon balɗe 115, e nder laana ka.

E hitaande 1995, duuɓi 20 caggal pottital hakkunde Apollo e Soyouɗ, laana Amerik mbiyeteeka Atlantis, joofi e laana Mir. Wonnooɓe heen ɓe calmondiri 395 km dow koye men, nder weeyo. Weeyiyankooɓe 10 ngondii toon haa ñalnde 4 sulyee 1995. Ɗo gollondiral fuɗɗii hakkunde winndere nde ko fayti e weeyo, ɓe nanondiri tafde laana weeyo koɗeteeka, mbiyeteeka Alpha (Alfaa).

25 suwee Mir guƴƴondiri e laana ndokkoowa ɗum isaas, mbiyeteeka Progress. Weeyiyankooɓe tato wonnooɓe toon (Riis en ɗiɗo e Ameriknaajo) njalti, cukki wuddere puɓɓondiral ngal, ngartiri kuuraa e nder laana he.

29 oktoobar 1998, Ameriknaajo gadano werleede nder weeyo, hono John Glein, nelditaa toon e nder laana biyeteeka Discovery ngam waɗde toon ƴeewndo faytungo e « naywugol nder weeyo ». O waɗi toon balɗe 9. O taartii leydi laabi 134. 15 oktoobar 2003 Siin werlii laana mum ngadana koɗaaka (Shenɗhou 5). 4 saawiyee 2004 laanel wiɗto (sonde) NASA juurii e mars. 24 saawiyee 2004 laanel wiɗto ɗiɗmel NASA juuri e mars. 14 saawiyee 2005 laanel wiɗto Orop (Huygens) juurii e tagofeere wiyeteende Titan. 25 mee 2008 laanl wiɗto Amerik (Phoenix) juurii e mars.

 Bookara Aamadu Bah

Sinuwaa en nder weeyo.

Taykonot en tato ɓe : ɗo, ɓe parii ɗannanaade weeyo

Ñalnde 25 settaambar 2008, leydi Siin naatii « fedde mawɓe », fedde leyɗe kattanɗe yahde kam en tan nder weeyo. Ko leyɗe tati tan ngoni e ndee fedde : Riisi, Amerik e Siin. Ɗumɗoo noon ƴellitii faayiida ndii leydi caggal faayiida mawɗo ndi heɓi e juɓɓingol « pijirlooji Olempik » e nder karallaagal e ñeeñal mawngal winndere ndee kala seedtii.

Ɗum noon ñalnde 25 settammbar nde, Siin werliima « laana weeyo » inniraaka Shenzhou VII, tawi alaa fof ɗo telɓaa e golle ɗe. Hu Jintao, mawɗo leydi ndi tawtoraama, o yettii aasiñooruuji ɗi e haralleeɓe ɓe. Nde laana ka yahii haa dow kolonel Zhai Zhigang yaltii laana ka, feerii e weeyo : Duuɓi joy caggal ko Siin tawti ko wonnoo Dental leyɗe Sowiyet en e Amerik, ko taykonot (weeyiyanke Sinuwaa en, Tuubakooɓe mbiyata ɗum ko Kosmonot) Siin neldii aadee e nder weeyo. Denndaangal golle eɓɓanooɗe e ngalɗoo ɗanngal njahrii no potnoo yahrude : gila e jaltugol e laana ka e peeragol nder weeyo, haa e gartol e juuragol laana ka.

Siin tabitinii ɗo, e nder dumunna daɓɓo, tuugnorgal ngal Ameriknaaɓe e Riis en ciyni e nder ko ina ɓura duuɓi sappo. Tee ina wiyee njaru mum jaasi ɗo woɗɗi ko ɓeen perinoo heen ko. Fayndaare Siin ko werlaade ɗo e duuɓi payɗi laana njirlotooka (ngonka e weeyo ina taaroo leydi) koɗaaka, kam e yahde to lewru ɗo e hitaande 2017 e yahde marse e hitaande 2015.

Ko e hitaande 2003 Siin naatnoo Fedde leyɗe nelduɗe neɗɗo nder weeyo, duuɓi 42 caggal ɗanngal Youri Gagarin. Ɗumɗoo noon ko danndu ɓooyndu hakkunde Dental Sowiyet e Amerik.

Bookara Aamadu Bah

Deftere SIDA e Pulaar : jokkondiral e doktoor Alhuseyni Sal

Doktoor Al Huseyni Sal e nder gollordu (ɗo, laboratuwaar) mum

“Yiɗde hoore mum fuɗɗorii ko e yiɗde ɗemngal mum”

Fooyre Ɓamtaare jokkondirii e gooto e annduɓe men, biyeteeɗo Alhuseynu SAL, noddirteeɗo kadi Maamuudu Rakiyel, jeyaaɗo Baabaaɓe Looti, gonɗo oo sahaa, to leydi Kanadaa (Canada) e wuro wiyeteengo Vancouver, ligootooɗo e  Opitaal (hôpital) mawɗo biyeteeɗo "Saint Paul's Hospital" e nder tunndu (départment) "Pathology and Laboratory Medicine The James Hogg iCAPTURE Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research ". 

Oo musiɗɗo ina wallifii defte keewɗe e Pulaar jowitiiɗe e won ɗiin ñabbuuli, haa arti noon e SIDA. So Alla jaɓii ma en njaltin ɗeen defte e jaaynde he e tonngooɗe men paaɗe. 

Naamnal : Min nanii a wallifiima, walla aɗa jogori wallifaade defte e Pulaar, ngam findinde yimɓe ɓe ko faati e won ɗiin ñabbuuli, walla won ɗeen  geɗe, no ngoo miijo ardi e ma ?

Alhuseynu SAL : Miijo winndude e Pulaar ngam findinde yimɓe e ko faati e njabbuuli ko miijo ɓooyngo. Kono, miijo ngo ɓenndi tan ko e duuɓi ɗiɗi battidiiɗi ɗi. Caggal nde piilaami lefol doktoor to Farayse, mi ariino Muritani, kawrit-mi e mawningol "ñalngu adunakeewu SIDA". Wonaniino mi teddungal e weltaare nde fedde "Jeune Enfant et Bien être social" to Baabaaɓe ɗaɓɓiri mi  tawtoreede hiirde nde ɓe mbaɗno toon e nguun ñalngu. Won naamne umminooɗe e yimɓe tawtoraanooɓe ndeen hiirde pewnanooɗe e am, ko feewti e SIDA e nabbuuji goɗɗi. Ko ɗeen naamne nobbimi haa ummiimi e faamninde ɓe paamaano walla kadi siftinde faamnooɓe. Sikke alaa won dariiɓe e faamnude ko adii jooni, kono tawde alla waɗii ko e wiɗto ñabbuuli ngollat-mi, waɗde kay hare nde ina noddi mi. Tawde kadi neɗɗo fof won ɗo heedi e nder renndo mum, waɗde, ina waɗɗii kam addude ballal am ko feewti heen e ɗaminaade ma ɗum naftu. Ina weeɓi hannde yiytude defte e Farayse walla e Engele, ma walla Arab, kono defte pulaar pewtuɗe e oon fannu keewaani. Ko ɗum waɗi pellit-mi winndude defte ɗe. Mdoɗo waawnoo winndude defte ɗe tan mi haaɗa heen, kono mi tawii janngugol ngol weeɓanaani moni kala, ko ɗum waɗi, mboɗo waɗani kala deftere banndaaji (cassettes) mbele ma ɓeen ɓe njiyataa binndol mbaaw heɗtaade, paama kadi naftoroo.

Naamnal : Ko tagmaa fuɗɗoraade deftere SIDA ?

Alhuseynu SAL : Bookara, ngalɗoo naamnal ina waɗi faayiida no feewi. Mi adoriima  deftere SIDA sabu ko ñabbu kulɓiniiɗo, ndillinngu aduna oo fof. Hay mo heɓaani SIDA, walla hay mo  yiyaani ñawɗo SIDA, nanii ñabbu ngu. Refti heen, ina hasii kala nde SIDA innaa, hakkilaaji fof ndoganta ko Afrik. Won wiɗtooɓe wiyooɓe nii ko e nder Afrik SIDA ummii, kono tan hakkile am jaɓaani ɗum tawo. Ko woni goonga mo en mbaawa salaade, ko e nder Afrik tigi ñabbu ngu ɓuri duumaade. Won e leyɗeelede e nder Afrik ɗo tawataa SIDA ina boomi feccere e wuro. Hay sinno Muritani yettaaki ndeen keɓnde tawo, en potaani welsindaade. Afrik ina yaaji kono so mi ƴeewii no ñawu ngu reɓrata nii, ina wayi no Afrik ina famɗi. SIDA filtatno e won leyɗeele tan, kono jooni ñabbu ngu heɓii keɓɗe kulɓiniiɗe. En potaani fadde ha ngu heɓa en nde ummano-ɗen ngu. Ina foti gooto kala faama wonnde nawu ngu nana naatira seeɗa-seeɗa e nder men. Deftere nde mbindu-mi nde ina wayi no ko jaaynde nde peewnu-mi e leñol ngol kala, mawɗo e suka, debbo e gorko fof ina toɗɗaa.

Hol fannuuji goɗɗi nganniyi-ɗaa yaaɓande ?

Alhuseynu SAL : Caggal deftere feewtunde e SIDA, mboɗo dooki defte goɗɗe peewtuɗe e ñabbuli ɗi ngandu-ɗa ina to men, maa walla ina ndooki en. Heen defte ɗiɗi ɓalliima e joofde. Heen wootere feewti ko e ñabbu heeñere wiyeteengu "hépatite", woɗnde nde feewti ko e nawu mbiyeteengu taasiyoŋ "hypertension". Heen deftere fof ina yahda e kaset mum. 

Naamnal : Hol no njiyru-ɗaa ballal jannguɓe fulɓe faade e leñol ngol foti siforaade?

Alhuseynu SAL : Gooto fof e kala ɗo heedi ina waawi addude ballal mum faade e leñol ngol. Ko ardii fof jannguɓe fulɓe ina poti faamninde sukaaɓe arooɓe les ɓe wonde doole leñol ko e ganndal keɓotoo. So neɗɗo majjinaama ha majji, ina wayi no halfaama. Salaade kalfaandi noon fuɗɗorto ko e salaade majjinneede. Heewɓe e sukaaɓe fulɓe hannde njiyataa so wonaa yaltude leydi ndi, kono eɓe poti faamde, hay sinno a yaltii, tawde kay wonii a janngaani a tampat tan. Kadi jaŋde, heewde e famɗude, naftat tan. Refti heen, haalooɓe Pulaar ina mbiya "anndu so a anndii anndin". Mboɗo sikki waɗde oon mo andi andinaani ina wayi no won ko ŋakkini. Jannguɓe fulɓe e kala ɗo ɓe mbaawi wonde noon, e kala to ganndal maɓɓe yahri, ina poti yeccitaade caggal. Eɓe poti renndude ko ɓe njanngi ko e leñol ngol. Eɓe poti ñemmbude fannuuji moƴƴi ɗi ɓe keɓi e jaŋde maɓɓe mbele ina adda ɓeydaare e maɓɓe kadi  ɓeyda leñol ngol. Eɓe poti kadi haɓanaade riiwtude aadaaji men, maa walla fannuuji nguurdam men nawrooji en caggal. So neɗɗo janngii, faamii, lobbiniima e lobbudu mum kañum tan gooto, ina wayi no ganndal makko naftortaake sabu, ganndo mooftuɗo ganndal mum cifortoo-mi ɗum ko no nagge heewnge kosam, kono nge jaɓataa ɓireede. 

Naamnal : Hol miijo e Fooyre Ɓamtaare ? e Fedde Ɓamtaare Pulaar e Muritani ?

Alhuseynu SAL : Bookara, mi wonaa gannduɗo pelle ɗe no feewi. Kono aɗa foti anndude Sal Mammadu Abdarahmaani ɓurɗo andireede Mamma Deede (Bookara : miɗo anndi mo no feewi sanne).

Oon gorko ko mawni am, ko ngenndiyanke mawɗo. O meeɗiino jeyeede e Fedde nde. Ko e makko keewnoo-mi nande haala  fedde nde. Hay sinno gandal am heewaani e fedde nde, mdoɗo laaɓaa tan ko e hare mawnde ɓe ngoni ngam daranaade leñol ngol. 

Sabu yiɗde hoore mum fuɗɗorii ko e yiɗde ɗemngal mum. Kono noon woto neɗɗo sikku kadi ɗemngal mum tan ina yona ɗum, faalkisoo ɗemɗe goɗɗe. Neɗɗo ina foti janngude kala ɗemngal, gila e ɗemɗe taariiɗe ɗum haa e goɗɗuɗe ɗum ɗe, sabu ɗemngal, ko ngal waawi wonde fof, ngal naftat tan. Ɗemngal ko ngalu ngu gasataa haa bada.

Naamnal : Hol ko mbasiyto-ɗaa, annduɓe fulɓe hono maa en, Fooyre Ɓamtaare, e denndaangal Fulɓe ?

Alhuseynu SAL : Won e yimɓe men ina ngondi e sifaaji kulɓiniiɗi. Ina hasii kala nde neɗɗo janngi wayloo haa bonna neɗɗaagu mum. Gandal noon so yahdaani e pinal, ngaal ganndal yooɗataa. Waɗi mi wiyde noon ko heewɓe e jannguɓe men ina ŋakkaa pinal. Sabu ina heewi ɗo neɗɗo janngi haa joofni, ruttii waɗi keerol kakkunde mum e heddiiɓe ɓe. Jannguɗo ina foti lesɗikinaade fotnda hoore mum e heddiiɓe ɓee fof, mbele eɓe mbaawa yeewtude. Sabu maayo, ko ngo heewi ndiyam koo fof, e ko ndiyam maggo weli koo fof, so ngo finnii ƴoogooɓe e maggo keewataa. Ina heewi e men hannde jannguɓe nganndi kono tan ɓurnii, kono neɗɗo ina ɓura neɗɗo ganndal tawa ɓuraani ɗum neɗɗaagu.

Mboɗo wasiyoo Fooyre Ɓamtaare e Fedde Ɓamtaare nde udditantoo kala garɗo ina tammbi miijo moƴƴo, walla doole ballitooje leñol ngol. Sabu Ɓamtaare leñol, wonaa tan e ɓamtugol ɗemngal ngal. Ina wona kadi e ɓamtugol fannuuji nguurdam fof, cellal, maa walla pinal, maa walla diine. Nafoore ɗemngal, wonaa tan haalde ngal, ko huutoraade ngal kadi mbele ngonka yimɓe ina ɓamtoo.

Denndaangal Fulɓe ina poti tan faamde wonde ɓe ndañi koko weeɓaani, sabu ina heewi e nder aduna ɗemɗe kaalateeɗe tawi mbindaaka. Tawde noon Pulaar ina winndoo, waɗde ko kuutorgal moƴƴal ngam ɓamtude leñol ngol.

Waɗi ngalɗoo jokkondiral ko Bookara A. Bah (abriil 2007)

Holi Alhuseynu SAL

Alhuseynu SAL janngii to kolees Baabaaɓe, caggal ɗum to "collège de garçons" to Nuwaasoot, "lycée National"  ɗo o heɓi bakkaa (baccalauréat) e hitaannde 1991. O janngoyi janngirde toownde wiyeteende ISS (Institut Supérieur Scientifique)  ɗo e Nuwaasoot, ko anndiraa hannde "Faculté des Sciences et Techniques". Ɗoon o keɓi seedantaagal biyeteengal "Maitrise e Biologie-Géologie" e hitaande 1995. Nde tawnoo ko kanko ardinoo (Major de promotion) e kitaale tati deggondirde hono 1993, 1994 e 1995, o hokkaa bursi e hitaande 1995, ngam ɓeydoyde jaŋde caggal leydi. O rewii e Iniwersiteeji keewɗi : Iniwersitee Tunis gila 1995 ha 1999. O heɓi toon Seedantaagal jaŋde luggiɗinaande ko fayti e "Microbiologie" (Diplôme d'Etudes Approfondies e Microbiologie" e lewru abriil 1998. O fayi Farayse, to Iniwersitee “Paul Sabatier to Tuuluus ɗo o heɓi dipolomaaji ɗiɗi : "Diplôme d'Etudes Approfondies en Microbiologie, Physiologie et Génétique Moléculaire" e hitaande 2000, kam  "Diplôme d'Etudes Scientifiques d'Université e Science Naturelles" e hitaande 2001. O ligiima e ɗiin duuɓi ɗiɗi nder laboratuwaaruuji (laboratoires) tati. Gadano o ko e ko fayti e bakteriiji (bactérie), walla mbiyen mboros biyeteedo Shigella flexneri, mboros gaddoowo deedi dogooji bonɗi, caggal ɗum e bakteri goɗɗo biyeteeɗo  Lactococcus lactis jiyteteeɗo e kocce. O wattindorii ko liggaade e sifaa mbuubu mbiyeteengu Drosphila Melanogaster. Ko kanko yiytunoo mo e laboratuwaar batindiiɗo o; ɗum yaltinanooma e jaaynde wiyeteende "Molecular and  Cellular  Biology" e hitaande 2002, (Tongoode mayre ko Mol Cell Biol. 2002 Feb;22(4):1218-32.) Caggal ɗum, laboratuwaar goɗɗo to Farayse to "Faculté de Médecine Lyon" jaɓani mo yo o ar toon ngam jokkitde jaŋde makko. O golliima toon duuɓi tati ko feewti e mboros (Virus) biyeteeɗo "virus d'Epstein-Barr". E ngoon wiɗto, ɓe keɓii yiytude ko meeɗaano yiyeede, won ko ummotoo e oon  "virus" ina waawi jeyeede e sabaabuuji  ñawu kanseer (Cancer) goddol. Ngoon wiɗto heɓiino saakteede e jaaynde wiyeteende "Oncogene" e hitaande 2004 (Tongoode mayre ko "Oncogene 2004, vol. 23, no28, pp. 4938-4944). Ndeeɗoon jaaynde huptodini almudaagal makko o fiilaa doktor ko faati e "virologie Moléculaire"  ñalnde 7 oktoobar 2004. Caggal ɗum o noddanooma e nokkuuji keewɗi : to Farayse e to Siin, kono tan o felliti nootaade ko e noddaadu Opitaal Sherbrooke to Canada. O liggiima e oon opitaal ko ina tolnoo e lebbi sappo e nder "Laboratoire Génétique Médical". Liggeey makko feewtunoo ko e kanseer nguru ɓalndu.  Caggal ɗum gila e lewu saawiyee 2005, o woni ko opitaal "Saint Paul's" e wuro wiyeteengo Vancouver. Liggeey makko feewti jooni ko e mboros biyeteedo "Coxsackievirus" ngam etaade faamnde hol no oon mboros addirta ñabbuuli ɓernde.

Ganndal Kuule Asamaan walla «Astoronomii"

Yuɓɓo naange

Ganndal «astoronomiya» ko gootal e gannde paytuɗe e weeyo: ko ganndal paytungal e fiyaaku naange, koode, lewru, koode ciirtatooɗe, ekn. Konngol «astoronomiya» ko konngol gereknaaɓe, denndingol konnguɗi ɗiɗi: «astoroon» e «nomos»: « astoroon » firtata ko hoodere, « nomos » firtata ko laawol walla doosgal. Ndeke « astoronomiya firtata ko ganndal paytungal e koode. 

Naange, leydi, lewru, koode e geɗe goɗɗe nannduɗe e leydi jiilatooɗe e dow asamaan (nder kammu), ndenndi ngoni TAGEEFO (winndere), ɗo kadi, gereknaaɓe nea njoginii ɗum konngol (ngol njogorɗen huutoraade yeeso), biyeteengol « kosmos ». Kosmos ko tageefo (winndere): naage, lewru, koode, koode ciirtatooɗe ekn… Ko ngal ɗo gamnndal astoronomiya hollata mahateeri, walla dille e fiyaaku kala geɗe gonɗe e weeyo asamaan, kala ko woni e tageefo ngo. Faandaare ganndal astoronomiya fawii ko e toɓɓe tati: 1. Janngin’de e anndin’de fiyaaku ko fayti e geɗe asamaan jiyeteeɗe, anndin’de nokkuuji gon’gal geɗe ɗe, mawneeki e mbaydi majje. Nde toɓɓere tuugii ko e laabi e doosɗe janngaaɗe ganndaaɗe paytuɗe e tagoodi walla ɓanndu ; (ɗoo noon, tagoodi walla ɓanndu, ko kala huune memotoonde: haayre, rubundere,, ɓanndu, henndu, ceenal, leggal, jamndi, ndiyam…ekn. Ɗe doosɗe ko njanngaa ɓurii duuɓi 300. Ko ɗum waɗi, ko fayti e nde toɓɓere, astoronomiya ena jogitii no feewi. 2. Anndin’de fiyaaku geɗe ɗe, no ɗe ngaadorii, no ɗe mahorii, tamperaatiir weeyo majje e tekkeendi mum, keertiiɗi majje ekn… Ko fayti e nde toɓɓere ɗiɗaɓere, astoronomiya ko anndi heen ena hakindii. 3. Anndin’de kuccam geɗe ɗe, no ɗe mbayoyta yeeso, hol ko ɗe ngontoyta. Ko fayti e nde toɓɓere tataɓere, astoronomiya alaa ko anndi heen so wonaa miijooji walla sikke, sbu toɓɓere nde ena jiiɓii. Ko ɗe toɓɓe tati astoronomiya waɗi e hoore mum ngam anndin’de yimɓe fiyaaku geɗe aduna. Ganndal Astoronomiya ko ɓami janngeede ɓooyii no feewi. Ngal ɓami janngeede gila annebi Iisaa jibinaaka: ɓaleeɓe Misiranaaɓe ena nganndunoo ko fayti e maggal ko foti e e duuɓi 3000 hade jibineede Annebi Iisaa (yoo kisal won e mum); sabu e oon sahaa, diiniyankooɓe maɓɓe (elimaanuuji maɓɓe) ena mbaɗatnoo jotindiral hakkunde ilgol (naatgol walla jaltugol) mayo maɓɓe wiyeneengo Niil ngo e hoodere wootere wiyeteende Siirius: mayo ngo naatatnoo ko caggal nde ɓe njiyi hoodere nde subaka fof hade naange fuɗde e nder dumunna potɗo e lebbi ɗiɗi. To Siin, duuɓi 2000 hade annebi Iisaa jibineede, annduɓe ndii ɗoon leydi, ene nganndunoo hol no lewru yahrata e hol no naange yahrata. Ko ɗum waɗi e oon sahaa eɓe nganndi no lewru e naange njaggirtee. Eɓe nganndunoo kadi hol nde lewru ndu e naange nge njogori jaggeede. Ɗo men ɗo, haa hannde won e mawɓe men huutorotooɓe kuule asamaan: eɓe kuutoroo hoodere jaayre, eɓe kuutoroo lappol biyeteengol lappol hakkunde jeeri e waalo, jiyeteengol ena niwɗa jamma, palingol e dow asamaan ngol. Eɓen nganndi so lewru dawii hol balɗe ndu heewi waɗde hade mayru daraade. Ɗum fof jeyaa ko e gannde kuule asamaan. Ndeeɗoo deftere fuɗɗaa winndeede ko e hitaande 1989.

Hade mayre muulede, nde huutoronooma e jeewte Rajo Muritani e tawtoreede saaktooɓe kabaruuji, Alhajji Sammba Sih e Aliw Siree Bah. Naamnde keewɗe naamndaama heen. Ko ɗum waɗi, so Allah Jaɓii, ma en eto jaabaade namnde ɗe e kelle cakkitte deftere nde. Ganndal noon e nder nguurndam neɗɗo, ɓeydoto tan; ko ɗum waɗi hon ko ɓeydaa e deftere nde, ena seerti seeɗa e jeewte men Rajo Muritani ɗe, sabu hon ko yiytaa e dow weeyo asamaan ngo e nder yolnde hakkunde jeewte ɗe e muulgol deftere nde, ɗum anndanooka e saanga jeewte ɗe.

Tawde neɗɗo so anndii foti ko anndin’de, alaa e sago ɗum ɓeydee e deftere nde mbele e ɗum ɓeydana en ganndal. Ko Allah jogii ganndal, ko kannko hokkata yimɓe sahaa fof ganndal kesal. E nder deftere nde noon, sahaa fof mboɗo yanoo (mboɗo tooña) heen e denɗiraaɓe am yette Bah en, yettee Soh en e Wanwanɓe Jowol mbele e ɗum ɓeydoo waɗde lamɗam seeɗa. Pulaar kuutoraaɗo e defterende (Fulfulde huutoraande nde) ko pulaar FUUTA TOORO, e nokku Ngennaar to Muritani e Senegaal. Haawnaaki Pulaar o ma ɗeɓ jiiɓoraade ɓiɓɓe yummiraaɓe men wonɓe fuɗnaange, tuggi Niser rewi Caad haa Suudaan, sabu Fulfulde wonnde toon nde, Fulfulde fuɗnaange naaɓe ɓe ena ɗeɓi seerde seeɗa e pulaar hirnaange Afrik. Kono So Alla jaɓii, caggal ndee ɗoo deftere, ma en eto waɗde saggitorde hakkunde pulpule ɗe, sabu FULɓE FU KAWTI INNA KAWTI ABBA.

NJANNGEN! NJANNGEN! NJANNGE! Baaba Loosol Wele-Jallo.

Ganndal Kuule Asamaan (2) : NAANGE

Naange

 

Naange ko hoodere ɓurnde fof ɓadtaade en. E nder ganndal kuule Kammu, naange ko hoodere. E nder Satonaange, ko kannge fof ɓuri mawnude: kono e nder aduna he, ene woodi koode ɓurɗe nde mawnude ɗo woɗɗi! Hon koode ɗe njiyaten jamma e nder kammu o, sinno eɗe ɓadinoo en, ɗe laatortonoo e gite men kono naange nge way e men nih.

Wuddowol naange, hono ngoɗɗeeki tugguki hakkunde magge ter haa hawngo magge, ko Kilomeeteruuji 696.000! (696.000Km!) Wuddowol suudu, ko ngoɗɗeeki hakkunde jaalal suudu e lemlemol suudu ndu. Ko diidol dewngol ɗo jaalal suudu ndu kono fuɗɗi ko ɗo hakkunde suudu ɗo. Ko nih paamirɗen wuddowol. Hon jaggooɓe noon hono wuddowol ko diidol hawngo e hawngo dewngol e hakkunde ter. Wuddowol naange ngol kaalaten ɗo ngol, ko fuɗɗaade hakkunde naange ter, fayde to hawngo naange. Ki ɗo ngoɗɗeki ko 696.000 km! Ɗum ma ɗeɓ sowaade ngoɗɗeeki hakkunde leydi e lewru laabi 2, ngasabu ngoɗɗeeki hakkunde leydi e lewru ko 384.400 Kilomeeter.

Naange e hoyre mum ena waɗa yiiloo-banngoo no kewal moti nih. Yiiloo-banngoo magge haa nge arta ɗo nge wonnoo, wonata ko balɗe men 30. Ɗum firti ko ñalawma kuurɗo to naange, ko lewru men!

Kaalɗen ɗo noon ko yiiloo banngoo hakkunde naange, to reedu naange to (to orol peccol to). To guddi naage to noonn, ñalawma kuurɗo ko balɗe men 25. (oɗon nganndi, moti so ena mottee, wuddu dow e wuddu les ɓuri yaawde taaraade kewal ngal e reedu moti o. Ko noon paamirton to gudde naange to, ñalawma kuurɗo ko ko balɗe men 25, tawi noon to reedu magge to, ɗum wonata ko balɗe men 30. Nganndee noon hade men ɓennude, naange e lewru e leydi e tagopeeje goɗɗe ɗe fof murliɗ no ñaayre murlere nih. Naange noon ɓuri murliɗde.

Naange alaa tagoore ko nge taarotoo nder Satonaange saka kitaale ena kaalee toon.

Kala nde naange heedti e bannge e tagofeere, bannge tagofeere heddiinde nde wonata ko e jamma.

To naange to, tawde banngeji ɗi fof ko naange, tawde banngeeji ɗi fof ena nulda caafe, ndeke toon jamma waawataa woode. Wayi ko no fooyre nih, ɗo keedtuɗa e mayre fof ko fooyre tan njiyataa, niɓɓere waawataa won’de e nder fooyre.

No mbiynoɗen nih, naange ena waɗa yiiloo-banngoo no tagopeeje nih. Annduɓe geɗe koode mbiyi kadi, naange ena yaha, etee nge feewi ko e diiwaan gooto e aduna he. Njaaweeki yahdu magge ko 72.000Km e waktu fof. Ɗum ko Alla jom Naange o adii wiyde e nder deftere mum: naange e lewru ena njaha, gootel fof e laawol mum.    

Ndu yahdu noon, wonaa ko njiyaten e nge ummoo fuɗnaange e nge mutoyaa hirnaange, ɗo wonaa kannge yahata kono ko leydi yiilotoo no mbiyrunoɗen nih. Ciftoree yeru mo kokkunoɗen ko fayti e jolɗo e oto. Eɗen nganndi kam leɗɗe dariiɗe birtotooɗe oto ena payi caggal, wonaa kañum en ɗooftotoo ena ndoga, ko oto o dogata. Eɗen mbaawi wiyde ɗum, ko hoomti gite. Ko neɗɗo ndaarata e aduna sikka ko nih, tawa wonaa noon ene heewi: sahaa so nguleeki heewii, yimɓe ena keewi yiyde ndiyam walla beeli e boowal goɗɗungal: ko ɗuum mbiyaten “ɓiɓɓe naange”. E ngoɗɗeeki, laatotoo e gite men ko ndiyam, walla weendu, aɗa ɓeydoo ɓadaade tan, e ɗum ɓeydoo woɗɗitaade. Ndiyam alaa ɗoon, ɗum ko fuuti gite.

Koken ɗo yeruuji goɗɗi, ƴeewen e koye men mawneeki lewru e naange: kala jiyɗo naange walla lewru e gite mum, wiyata ko no ɗum wayi famɗude nih, yimɓe tato ena mbaawi ɗum roondaade! Wallaay waɗi ɗum noon ko woɗɗude! Sabu ƴeewee laana ndiwoowa, so ka diwii haa ka heɓoyii hedde kilomeeteruuji 9 dow, jiyɗo ɗum fof wiyata ko hay so cukalel ena waawi ɗum mofde e naafki. Kono ƴeewee bajo so ka juuriima! ƴeewee no ka wayi mawnude! Aka waawi jolnude 100 neɗɗo ka nawa ɗumen wuro e wuro tawa ka warñaani! Aɗa anndi kam, aan mo a waawaa roondaade sagataaɓe sappo, a waawataa roondaande laana jolnuka sagataaɓe 100! Hay so ko a ñiiwa!

Laana wonii kilomeeteruuji 9 dow, a sikkii aɗa waawi ɗum roondade, ka juuriima, a yiyi ma ka fot e huɓeere. Kibaaru noon lewru ndu cikkataa tato ene mbaawi roondaade wonndu 384.400Km dow, so ndu tellinooma hol no ndu fotatnoo? Naange woɗɗunge en ko foti e 149.600.000Km dow, ɓurnge laana ndiwoowa ngonka Km 9 dow, aɗa sikka ma taw tato ena mbaawi ɗum roondaade na? Anndu, ngee naange laatotoonge e gite men no cuurel nih, no buuɗel boɗowel nih, ngel cikkataa aɗa waawi mooftude nder huɓeere, ɓuri leydi ndi nguurɗen e dow mum ndi mawnude laabi 332.000. Leydi ndi nguurɗen e dow mum ndi enen yimɓe, maaje, kaaƴe, gila ɗo ngonɗaa ɗo fof haa ɗo mbaawɗaa miijaade e nokkuji ɓurɗi woɗɗude e dow duunde Baaba Aadama nde, tuggi Muritani haa Amerik, haa Sapo haa Ostaraali, haa Inndo, haa Riis, haa ɗo mbaawɗaa miijaade fof, so hono mumen ndenndii haa ngonii 332.000, ko ndeen ponndatee e naange.

Kala ko woni e kammu he, gila e tagopeeje haa e lebbi, haa e koode mum, fof ena ndilla, ena njaha. Alaa fof ko darii cot ɗo gootel. ƴeewen ɗo nate naange.

 

Ina jokki

Umar Abdalla Wele

Yuɓɓo naange walla sato naange

Natal tagopeeje

 

Ko ɓuri anndeede e nder ganndal koode ko nokku ɗo njeyaɗen ender aduna o. O nokku ɗo njeyaɗen ɗo, wiyetee ko Satonaange.

Hol ko woni Satonaange?

Naange ko hoodere ɓurnde fof ɓadaade en, ɓurnde fof ɓadtade leydi. Ko kayre hokkata nguleeki kuule catiiɗe nge ɗe.

 

Satonaange, ko deental tagooje bayɗe no annama leydi nii, taarotooɗe naange. Ɗoo kadi eɗen poti faamnude yimɓe yoga e konnguɗi ɗi njogorɗen huutoraade. Heen konngol wiyetee ko "tagofeere": tagofeere (wiyetee e ɗemɗe tuubakooɓe ko "planet"), ko tagoodi Alla mbaydi no leydi nii, walla no lewru nii. Eɗum waawi ɓurde walla fotde walla jaasde leydi mawnude. Ɗum woniri e weeyo ko no leydi walla naange walla lewru ngoniri e weeyo ni. Leydi e hoore mum ko tagofeere. Tagopeeje goɗɗe ena ngoodi e aduna he, hay so Banii Aadama en njiyaaka toon tawo. Tagopeeje ɗe noon, tuubakooɓe ena njoginii ɗum en inɗe; ko ɗum waɗi, tawde en ngalanaa ɗum en inɗe, mbaawaten tan ko huutoraade inɗe ɗe. Ko leydi tan njogini-ɗen innde, mbiy-ɗen ɗum e pulaar (mbiyɗen ɗum e Fulfulde) "LEYDI". Tagopeeje banngotooɗe walla taarotooɗe naange nge ko ɗe ko 9: - tagofeere MEERKUUR, tagofeere WENUS, tagofeere LEYDI, (ndi nguur-ɗen e dow mum ndi), tagofeere MAARS, tagofeere SUPITEER, tagfeere SATUURNA, tagofeere URAANUS, tagofeere NEPTUUN e tagofeere PULUTON. Tagofeere fof ena jogii bolol mum ngol taardotoo Naange men nge.

Puɗɗorto-ɗen noon ko tagofeere ɓurnde ɓadtaade naange nge, payen to tagofeere ɓurnde woɗɗude nde.

Jooni noon ƴewen ngoɗɗeeki hakkunde tagopeeje ɗe e naange nge, caggal ɗum ƴeewen hol no ɗe mbaydi e mawneeki, caggal ɗum kadi ƴeewen njuuteeki ñalawmaaji e kitaale e dow majje.

A) Ngoɗɗeeki hakkunde tagopeeje ɗe e naange :

• hakkunde Meerkuur e Naange ko kiloomeeteruuji 57910000
• hakkunde Wenus e naange ko Kiloomeeteruuji  108210000
• hakkunde leydi e naange ko Kiloomeeteruuji  149600000
• hakkunde Maars e naange ko Kiloomeeteruuji  227940000
• hakkunde Supiteer e naange ko Kiloomeeteruuji  778340000
• hakkunde Satuurna e naange ko Kiloomeeteruuji  1427200000,
• hakkunde Uraanus e naange ko Kiloomeeteruuji  2.869300000
• hakkunde Neptuun e naange ko Kiloomeeteruuji  4498500000
• hakkunde Puluton e naange ko Kiloomeeteruuji  5900000000

(Kilomeeteer ko   meeteruuji   ujunere,   walla ujunnaje ɗiɗi diraa, tawde keew-ɗen wiyde enen fulɓe meeteer ko diraaji ɗiɗi; tawde kadi wonaa diraa tiggu, kono ko diraa kellifaaɗo timmuɗo).

B) Mawneeki tagopeeje.

Tawi ko fayti e mawneeki, walla mawngu, e nder satonaange ɓuri heen fof mawnude ko naange. Kono naange wonaa tagofeere, ko hoodere! Ma en ngartoy heen so Alla jaɓii.

Ɓuri fof mawnude e nder tagopeeje 9 ɗe, ko tagofeere Supiteer, refti heen ko Satuurna, rewi heen Neptuun, rewi heen Uraanus, rewi heen noon ko Leydi ndi nguur-ɗen e dow mum ndi, rewi heen Wenus, rewi heen Maars, rewi heen Puluton, refti heen noon ko tagofeere ɓurnde fof famɗude, wiyeteende Meerkuur. Meerkuur kadi ɓuri fof ɓadtaade naange. Ko tagopeeje ɗiɗi keedti leydi e naange : tagofeere Wenus e tagofeere Meerkuur.

Ɗee nate kollata ko jerondiral hakkunde tagopeeje : e ngal holla hol no Supiteer (walla Jupiteer) ɓurdi tagopeeje goɗɗe ɗe.

E nder sato naange ɓuri nde mawnude tan ko naange, kono naange wonaa tagofeere, ko hoodere. Tagopeeje 8 satonannge godde ɗe fof, so ndenndinaama mbaɗaama tagofeere wootere, tagofeere Supiteer ɓuri ɗum. Supiteer ne, so renndinaama e tagopeeje 8 goɗɗe ɗe mbaɗaama tagofeere wootere, Naange ɓuri ɗum  ɗo woɗɗi.

Winndannde aroore: Njuuteeki ñalawmaaji e dow tagopeeje.

-----------------------------

Hol Umar Abdalla Wele ?

Umar Abdalla Wele, jibinaa ko 1954 to Jowol. Omo  anndiraa "Baaba Loocol" (e nder galle maɓɓe), omo wiyee kadi "Barme e Kuundal" to wuro maɓɓe Jowol  ɗo. Duɗal makko gadanal ko ɗoon o janngi. O janngii kadi to Kayhayɗi haa o danyi "berwe" e hitaande 1972. O heɓi bakkaa makko (BAC ‘C’ (ko fayti e hiiso) ko 1975. O neldaa Riisi ngam heɓde toon karallagal ko fayti e ganndal weeyo "aasinyoor" (1975-1981), ko fayti e "arditaare" ("Prévision). O wonii mawno metewo e hitaande 1988 to Nuwasoot ɗo. O wonii mawɗo Joorde metewo to boowol laaɗe diwooje Nuwasoot (1988-1992). O liggiima e jooɗorɗe metewo e boowe laaɗe diwooje : Caad (1992-1995), Santarafrik (1995-1997), Burkina (1997-2008).

Ko fayti e defte ɗe o winndi e Pulaar ko ɗeeɗoo : Ganndal weeyo (leydi), Ganndal koode, Deftel jime, Macungaangu. Ko fayti e Farayse, ko ɗeeɗoo defte o winndi : "Ce que je pense" (miijo makko), "Prévoir le temps pour sauver la vie" (Anndinnde ko arata ngam sowde pittaali), "le temps et la santé" (dumunnaaji e cellal aadee), "le réchauffement" (nguleeki weeyaango aduna), "A propos de la Mauritanie" (ko fayti e Murtani e kitaale caɗeele (1986-1991). (Ɗe defte fof ko baɗtateeɗe e fulfulde). O waɗɗiino jeewte e Rajo Muritani ko fayti Gannde Weeyo e Koode, ko fayti kadi e jime (e gonndigal Alhajji smakkomba Sih e Aliw Siree Bah, saaktooɓe kabaruuji). Jooni o gollotoo ko to Jooɗorde ASECNA mawnde to Ndakaaru (Senegaal).

Geɗe baawɗe danndude garaaɗo aksidaa ɗaɗngaanndiijo (AVC)

Natal hoore e uddo ɗaɗol

Hitaande kala aksidaaji ɗaɗngaanndiiji (Accident Vasculaire Cérébral : AVC) ina njooɓoo yimɓe heewɓe. Heewi wonde tan ko maayde peral : neɗɗo ina yahatnoo tan haa yana ; walla ina haalatnoo tan haa hawra e joomum mum ekn …  KO sabu nguuɗoo ñawu hulɓinaade addani ngu waɗaneede ñalawma no woorunoo, tawi ko haala maggu tan haaletee heen, nguun ñalngu woni 29 oktoobar garoowo o. Hade ɗuum ina moƴƴi ngannden hol ko woni aksidaa ɗaɗngaanndiijo ? Hol maale makko e hol no o reentortee ?

Hol ko woni aksidaa ɗaɗngaanndiijo (AƊNg walla AVC) ?

AƊNg ina jogii batte bonɗe e neɗɗo, tee ko batte ɗe cellataa (woofɗo, roŋkitde haalde …), tee ina waawi yuumtude e maayde. E ko huftodini, AƊNg  ina waawi ardude e fannuuji tati :

• Fannu gadano, ɓurɗo yaajde o, ko ƴiiƴam fenndotoo e nder ɗaɗi nawooji ƴiiƴam (artère) walla e nder ɓernde (enndu wusnere). Ko ndeen heɗɗere ƴiiƴam yahata haa ngaandi, sukka ɗaɗi mum, haɗa ƴiiƴam ŋabbude. So ƴiiƴam ŋabbaani ngaandi heɓataa henndu oksijeen, ɗum noon rewata heen ko maayde ngaandi e maayde neɗɗo o e hoore mum.
• Fannu ɗiɗmo o ko uddo ɗaɗol ɓalewol (veine : woni ɗaɗol nawtowol ƴiiƴam) sukkotoo, haɗa ƴiiƴam yirlaade no moƴƴi e nder ngaanndi.
• Fannu tataɓo o, ko ɗaɗi ngaandi pusata (pettata), ƴiiƴam deeloo e nder hoore, wona tuƴƴam hoore (hémorragie cérébrale), ɗuum ne kadi batte mum ko haɗde ƴiiƴam yirlaade no moƴƴi e nder ngaanndi.  

Hol ko addata AVC ?

Ɗo ganndal men tolnii heen hannde, ina anndaa wonde addata AƊNg ko neenam (nebbam/nebam) mbiyeteeɗam kolesterol, maa ndeen jabet, walla simme, walla ŋabbo taasiyoŋ … won heen kadi ko doneteeɗi.

Hol maale  AƊNg ?

Ngartiree hakkillaaji mon. AƊNg so toppitaama law, ina waawi waasde waɗde hay si’i gooto e mo ɗum heɓtii o. Ko ɗum addani haalooɓe Farayse innirde ñawu ngu « Agir Vite pour le Cerveau » (woni Yaawde e Ngaanndi), sibu kala hojom ina jogii nafoore mum : No ñawu ngu yaawiri safrireede fof, kono noon batte mum mbayata famɗude. Ɗum ɗoon ina ɗaɓɓi anndude maale e jeemooji maggu. Kañji ngoni :

• Jaaɗo yaawngo walla teddeendi njaawndi bannge e ɓalndu neɗɗo ;
• Roŋkere haalde walla faamde heptiinde ɗoon e ɗoon ;
• Walla kadi ustagol jiyle yitere wootere.
• Walla kadi yahdu ndu feewaani heptiindu ɗoon e ɗoon, ndu alaa daliilu, walla yande walla jiilol.

Hol ko neɗɗo foti waɗde so sikkitiima ñawu ngu ?

So gootel e ɗee maale heɓtimaa ma tan waɗ feere njokkondiraa ko ɓuri yaawde e nokku safaara mbele ina tiindin ma to safrirde toppitiinde safrude ñawu ngu.

^BAB

Hol ko haaletee e kaɓirgal yerɓo leydi

Doroon (ndiwoowa ka alaa konndiroowo)

E wolde adunankoore ɗiɗmere, won annduɓe Nuwel Selande (Nouvelle-Zélande) etinoo tafde masiŋ duppitoowo keneeli baawɗi huccineede e Japon. Jarribooji keewɗi mbaɗaama, hay so tawii ɗi njaajaani, e 1944-1945. Tee, ɗi njuumtii. Wonande Dental Amerik, ngaal ɗoon tuugnorgal fotnoo faayiida ko e tuugnorgal « Eɓɓaande Manhattan » peewnugol bommno atomik. 

Jeertino : Hannde, yoga e jaayndiyankooɓe leyɗe hirnaange njaagiri haalooɓe ko wayi nii, ko no yimɓe miijiyankooɓe ko fayti e moojobe (ɓe moojobe owni hakkillaaji mum en, ko anndiraa « théorie du complot »). Kono tan, eɗen njenanaa ɗeeɗoo geɗe :
- So tawii leydi ina feewna kaɓirgal kesal alaa mo hollitta ɗum, walla nii yahata ko e yeddude ɗum ;

- To bannge ganndal, alaa ko haɗi ɗum aamnaade …
- Won ko jaayɗe leyɗe hirnaange ina kaala ko heewi, yimɓe ina njenanaa wonaa goonga : yeruuji ina keewi : “warngooji Timisuwara” to Rumani laatiima fenaande ; Ko ɓe kaalata e bonanndeeji baɗnooɗi to Kammbodje, walla ko wiyetee Siin walla Dental Sowiyet, walla ko ɓe ɓakkata e juulɓe ekn … E sahaa kala ɓe kollitirta leyɗe walla yimɓe ɓe ɓe njiidaa miijo ko e mbaydi ndi moƴƴaani. Kono kay, e yeru, hay gooto majjaani bonanndeeji ɗi Amerik maa Farayse mbaɗi to Inndosiin, walla dahngo Afriknaaɓe ngo haaletaake ekn … Enen ne ko ɗum addanta waasde yiyrude kabaruuji ɗi, no ɓe njiyrata ɗum nii, e jaggude e hakkillaaji men wonde “ina waawi wonde”, “ina waawi waasde wonde” : ko ɗum kadi addanta en hollitde kabaruuji ɗii kala, ko ɓeeɗoo kaalata e ko ɓeya too kaalata; ko heddii ko, gooto fof jokkitira hakkille mum. Fooyre Ɓamtaare

 Hol ko yimɓe nganndi e kaɓirgal yerɓo leydi (winndannde jaayndiyanke biyeteeɗo Thierry Meyssan)

"E wolde adunankoore ɗiɗmere, won annduɓe Nuwel Selande (Nouvelle-Zélande) etinoo tafde masiŋ duppitoowo keneeli baawɗi huccineede e Japon. Jarribooji keewɗi mbaɗaama, hay so tawii ɗi njaajaani, e 1944-1945. Tee, ɗi njuumtii. Wonande Dental Amerik, ngaal ɗoon tuugnorgal fotnoo faayiida ko e tuugnorgal « Eɓɓaande Manhattan » peewnugol bommno atomik. Ɓe toɗɗinooma nii ganndo biyeteeɗo Karl Compton yo jokkondir hakkunde eɓɓaaɗe ɗiɗi ɗe. O ƴettii annduɓe heewɓe ngam gollaade heen. O jeyanoo ko e yimɓe njeetato ɓe persidaa Truman diisnotonoo ko fayti e kuutoragol bommbo atomik o. O miijotonoo ko oon bommbo ina waawi rokkude masiŋ duppitoowo keneeli o semmbe mbele ina duppita guubiliiji mawɗi.  Golle njiylawu paytuɗe e ngal kaɓirgal njokkii caggal hare adunakoore ɗiɗmere. E hitaande 1947, laamɗo Biritaan (Angalteer), takkani ganndo toppitinooɗo ɗum o (Thomas Leech) galaŋ « Chevalier » laamaandi Biritaan, sabu makko fentude ngal kaɓirga kesal. Kono ɗuum bayyinaaka, nde tawnoo, e oon sahaa, hafeere maggal ko «sirlu koninkaagu » wonnoo. Kono tan, e hitaande 1999, caggal nde jaagorde (ministeer) Nuwel Seland felliti bayyinde huunde e duttorɗe mum, feeñii heen wonde ngaal tuugnorgal ina woodnoo ko aldaa e sikke.

Yimɓe ina nganndi kadi, golle ɗe ƴettitaama to Iniwersitee Waikato. Anndaaka so tawii golle ɗe ina njokkunoo e kitaale 1960. Ko laaɓi en tan, ɗe ƴettitaama nde jarribo nikleyeer e nder weeyo haɗtaa nde, faytaa e jarribo nder geec. Dental Amerik ina hulnoo yerɓinde leydi e duppitde tsunaamiiji tawi welaaka. Ɗum noon, ɓe ndaranii waawde waɗde ɗum nde ɓe mbelaa.

To dow, Dental Amerik e Riisi, caggal nde ciifi « nanondiral jowitiingal e kaɗgol huutoraade karallaagal baylowal sato to bannge koninkaagu walla e sifaaji hare goɗɗi », e hitaande 1976, njebbiliima woppude wolde sato (yerɓo leydi, tsunaamiiji, baylugol ngonka nguurdam nokku, waylugol sifaa weeyo – duule, toɓo, guubiliiji, ƴiiwoole – baylugol kilimaa e jiriiɗe diƴƴe e ngonka laral oson walla iyonosfeer). 

Kono tan, tuggi 1975, Riisi umminii wiɗtooji kesi paytuɗi e ganndal sulɗdildiƴƴaagu (Magnétohydrodynamique : MHD). Fayndaare majjum ko wiɗtude laral leydi e anndude nde yerɓo leydi waɗata. Ɓe ƴeewi no ɓe mbaawirta waɗde jerɓe leydi tokoose, ngam haɗde mawɗe ɗe. Ɗoon e ɗoon ɗiin wiɗtooji kuutoraa to bannge koninkaagu. Ɓe tafi masiŋ jerɓinoowo leydi inniraaɗo Pamir.

Nde Dental Sowiyet fusi, ardinooɓe ɗeen golle pelliti yahde Dental Amerik yiylaade ko ndañi, kono, nde tawnoo wiɗto maɓɓe joofaano, Pentagon jaɓaani ƴettude ɓe. E hitaande 1995, e saanga nde Boris Eltesin ardii Riisi nde, Konu weeyo Amerik (Us Air Force) felliti hasde wiɗtooɓe ɓe kam e laboratuwaar mum en to nokku ina wiyee Nijni Novgorod. Ɓe tafi toon masiŋ ɓurɗo semmbolinde, hono Pamir 3, mo jarribo mum yuumti sanne. Nii woni Pentagon soodti yimɓe ɓe e kaɓirɗe ɗe, addi ɓe Amerik, ɓe naattinaa e eɓɓaande HAARP.  

Ina yiyee wonde kaɓirgol yerɓo leydi jarribaama e duuɓi cakkitiiɗi ɗi, yeru to Alaseri e to Turki. Kono ɓuri darjude ko yerɓo leydi waɗnoongo to Siisuwan (Siin), e lewru mee 2008. Hojomaaji 30 ko adii yerɓo leydi ngo, hoɗɓe e nokku he ceediima e asamaan goobuuji ɗi ngaadoraaka yiyeede heen. Ina gasa tawa semmbe kuutoraaɗo ngam yerɓinde leydi o adda mbayliigaaji weeyo, hay so tawii noon, won yiyruɓe ɗum no « nattugol asamaan hoolaade maruciyankooɓe » nii. Hannde, e oo ñalawma, sinuwaaji ina njenanaa ɗuum.

So en ngartii e Hayiti.

Alaa ceerungal woni hakkunde yerɓo leydi ngo neɗɗo waɗi e ngo tago waɗi, hay so tawii noon yimɓe mbaawi waɗde tan ko yerɓo ngo luggiɗaani no feewi, hono no Hayiti nii.

Ɓeydi ɗo faayre, ko no Amerik yaawri nootaade heen nii. Nde jaayɗe Amerik ɓamtata jaabondiral wiyooɓe wonde Amerik yaɓɓii ndimaagu Hayiti, ɓurnoo woƴde jaayɗe leyɗe Amerik worgo ko jaawgol konu Amerik yettaade e leydi he, sibu, e ñalawma gadano oo tan tawi fotde 10 000 soldaat naatii Hayiti. Kono ɗum na weeɓi faamde sibu ɓeeɗoo soldateeɓe ngonnoo ko e ekkito paabagol Hayiti so tawii mobbooru yanii e mum. Seneraal Kiin (Keen), gardiiɗo taƴre konu nde, ko ɗoon ngonnoo ko ina wona balɗe ko adii. Nde leydi ndi  yerɓi nde, ɓe ɗuhii ko to Ammbasaad Dental Amerik mo yerɓo leydi alaa ko bonnata e mahdi mum, haa heddii soldeteeɓe ɗiɗo, wonnooɓe oon sahaa to Hotel Montana, wiyaaɓe ko gaañiiɓe. (…). Seneraal Kiin haalii e jaayɗe keewɗe, wonde ko ɗoon yerɓannde leydi nde tawi ɗum, kono o haalaani ko addunoo mo ɗoon.

Ina jeyanoo heen ekkito koninkaagu ngo, ƴeewndaade lojisiel juɓɓinoowo balle Pelle ɗe ngonaa laamuyankooje (FNGL) e konu. Hojomaaji seeɗa caggal yerɓo ngo, lojisiel o yollaama, ko ina wona 280 FNGL mbinnditii heen. Ko ngolɗoo kawritgol  addani yimɓe heewɓe wiyde wonaa mehre e sikkitaade heen Dental Dowlaaji Amerik."

Fulo : Bookara A. Bah

Pentagon

Pentagon ko huɓeere wonnde to nokku ina wiyee Arlington, to Wirsiñi (Virginie) sara Wasinton (Washington). Ko ɗoon woni gollorde departemaa Ndeenka Dental Dowlaaji Amerik. E hitaande 2009, fotde 26 000 neɗɗo (siwil e militeer) ina ngollotonoo ɗoon. Innde nde noon ummii ko e mbaydi mahateeri ndi, hono joykiɓɓal (pentagone woni darngo waɗngo banngeeji joy). Huɓeere nde waɗi ko taakawuuji 5. Nde hurmbitaa ko ñalnde 15 saawiyee 1943. Kayre kay woni huɓeere birooji ɓurnde mawnude e winndere nde. A nde waɗi 28 km boleeru (couloir), gane joy taartondirɗe. Nde mahraa ko betoŋ cemmbinaaɗo, tiiɗtiniraaɗo asiyee. (Fooyre Ɓamtaare)

 Kelmeendi

Laral leydi :                      croûte terrestre

Taartondirɗe :                   concentriques

Guubiliiji :                         tsunami

Sirlu koninkaagu :             secret militaire

Jaagorde (ministeer) :        ministère

Wolde sato :                     guerre environnementale

Joykiɓɓal :                       pentagone – figure géométrique à 5 côtés –

                                       (Pentagon woni darngo waɗngo banngeeji joy)

Dildiƴƴaagu :                    hydrodynamique

Sulɗdildiƴƴaagu :          magnétohydrodynamique (sulɗaande e dille e diƴƴe)

Hojomaaji seeɗa ko adii yerɓo leydi to Siisuwan (Siin)

30 hojom ko adii yerɓo leydi ndi
neldal n. - Kewu.

Hoodere moolanaande nder kammu

Annduɓe ɓe mbiyi hoodere nde dañii miliyoŋ hitaande (AP)

Kayre ɓuri koode ganndaaɗe ɗee kala teddude to woɗɗi. Annduɓe ko fayti e kuule kammu (astoronomi) ceediima e lonngorɗe mum en ɓooɗde gaas mawnde, fooynunde (leernde) no feewi, e nder ruulngo wiyeteengo Tarentule. Ina sikkaa hono mayre e teddude meeɗaa yiyeede. Ɓe kuutorii ko lonngorɗe teleskop Ƴeewirde Orop worgo (ESO), kam e lonngorɗe teleskop biyeteeɗo Hubble.

Teddeendi mayre ina sowoo, ko famɗi fof, laabi 300 teddeendi naange men nge. Ɗum noon sowiima laabi ɗiɗi teddeendi cikketenoondi woni teddeendi ɓurndi mawnude wonande hoodere. Nde nde jibinaa nde, nde peesatnoo ko laabi 320 teddeendi naange men nge. Hannde, nde « fooƴtii » sibu nde artii e laabi 300 teddeendi naange. Nde inniraa ko R136a1. Kayre ndeeɗoo hoodere, no nde huɓɓirta nii ina hulɓinii : ɗum addani leergol mayre sowaade laabi miliyoŋaaji sappo leergol naange.

Ndeeɗoo hoodere ɓujere, yiyaa ko hakkunde ñukkere (amas) koode wonnde e ruulngo (nébuleuse) Tarentule, wonngo kam ne e nder Ruulde Mawnde Magellan, hono galaksi mo nganndu-ɗaa 165 000 hitaande-annoore ina ɓilii hakkunde mum e Galaksi men o, hono Fedannde malaaɗo (Voie Lactée).

Annduɓe ɓe njiytii koode ɓuje keewɗe, ɓurɗe R136a1 mawnude, kono ɓurɗe ɗum hoyde to woɗɗi.  Kañje fof ɓuri naange leerde e wulde to pucci ndogata, sibu nguleeki majje ina waawi yettaade 40 000 degere Celsius, woni laabi jeeɗiɗi nguleeki naange.

Koode ɓuje ina njaawi ko ndoytata, tee caayrata ko cukaagu, sibu ɓurnde mawnude e majje wuurataa ko ɓuri miliyoŋaaji tati hitaande, dumunna daɓɓo e nder ganndal kuule asamaan. Ɗum na jeyaa e ko saɗtini jiytugol majje. 

Ƴoogirde : maxisciences

Tesko :

E nder ganndal faru (Cosmos), galaksi ko dental koode e gaasuuji e punndi e ɓakdi ɓaleeri, tawa woni hakkunde mum ko gaw ɓaleejo pattamteddo.

Fedannde Malaaɗo, galaksi mo yuɓɓo naange woni e mum o, ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e teemedde miliyaar hoodere, tee  njaajeendi makko ko hedde 100 000 hitaande-annoore. Ina hiisee wonde faru (woni weeyo tagaango) jiyotooɗo o, ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e teemedde miliyaaruuji galaksiiji ɗi teddeendi kakindiindi, ɗum jiydaani e galaksiiji dooɓaaɗi ɗi keeweendi mum en anndaaka, sabu pamɗugol mum en e niɓɓiɗgol mum en.

Njaajeendi faru tagaaɗo anndaaka, tee omo waawi waɗde limoore galaksiiji nde alaa ɗo haaɗi.

• Hitaande annoore ko yolnde annoore dogata e nder hitaande no woorunoo, woni e nder balɗe 365 ¼, woni 300 000 x 60 x 60 x 24 x 365 ¼ , hawra  9 467 280 000 000 kiloomeeteer (9 500 miliyaar kiloomeeteer).
• Njaajeendi galaksi men o : 100 000 hitaande annoore, so hiisaama ina tolnooe 946 728 000 000 000 000kiloomeeteer (946 728 000 miliyaar kiloomeeteer, fotde miliyoŋaaji ujunere miliyaar kiloomeeteer). Ƴeewaa noon faru men ina waɗi miliyaaruuji limtilimtinɗi galaksiiji : Ko Alla tan anndi mawneeki tagoore mum, hakille neɗɗo waawaa ɗum huɓindaade !!!!

Kelmeendi kuutoraandi

• Masse :                      ñiso
• Amas :                        ñukkere (joowre)
• Massif :                       mawteddu(+M.I)
• Poids :                        teddeendi
• Univers :                     faru
• Espace :                     weeyo
• Nébuleuse :                ruulngo
• Télescope :                 Teleskop / lonngorgal faru
• Géant :                        Ɓujiɗ(+M.I) / Maamaa(+M.I)
• Astre :                         kuulel asamaan
• Astronomie :               ganndal kuule asamaan
• Densité :                     tekkeendi
• Galaxie :                     galaksi / jiryirngal
• Trou noir :                   Gaw ɓaleejo 
• Supermassif :             pattamtedd(+M.L.)
• Voie lactée :                Fedannde Malaaɗo

Japon ina anniyii yeñtinde «kuuraa» ummoraade e weeyo

Natal leydi e weeyo

Wonaa jooni jooni, ko ɗoo e duuɓi 20, hedde 2030. Japon miijii ko mahde «isin yiite» weeyo baawoowo heɓɓaade cereeli naange waɗta ɗum yiite, nelda ɗum leydi (nelda en) e mbaydi sereendu laseer (rayon laser) walla e mikroo-onde (micro ondes).

Ɗumɗoo wonaa fenaande, ko goonga, sibu laamu Japon toɗɗiima nii pelle njiylawu potɗe tabitinde ko haalaa ko. Ina jeyaa heen sosiyatee mawɗo toppitiiɗo ko fayti e semmbe e weeyo biyeteeɗo Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, potɗo gollondirde e Duɗal njiylawu paytuɗo e laakon weeyo kon koɗaaka, duɗal denndinngal ko ina wona 17 sosiyatee, tawi ina jeyaa heen sosiyateeji ɗi keew-ɗen nande e huutoraade kaɓirɗe mum en, ko wayi no Mitsubishi Electric, NEC, Fujitsu et Sharp …

Ɗowata golle ɗee noon Nokku weeyo Japon (Agence spatiale japonaise (Jaxa)) gonɗo e ngoon wiɗto gila e kitaale 1970.

Hol no miijo ngo siyirta ? Miijo ngo ko werlaade satelit haa yettoo e nokku deŋal*, nokku mo tooweeki mum tolnii e 36 000 kiloomeeteer. Oon satelit ina nawori panooji naange (panneaux photovoltaïques) potɗi waɗtude semmbe naange (cereeli naange) yiite. Oon semmbe yiite waɗtee laseer walla mikroo-onnduuji, ngam neldeede leydi men. Ɗoo noon heɓɓotoo ɗiin cereeli laseer ko antenaaji parabol moolanaaɗi to bannge mawnugol hade mum en waɗteede kadi yiite mo mbaaweten huutoraade.

Wiɗtooɓe ɓe mbiyi «ɓayri ko semmbe ceniiɗo mo ɓeeɓataa, a min miijii maa ɗum wallu en ñawndude caɗeele ŋakkeende semmbe kam ɓeydagol nguleeki leydi men ndi ngol  kuutoragol won ɗiin gaasuuji saabotoo». Ɓe ciftini wonde «annoore naange gasataa e weeyo». Ina woodi. Sibu keeweendi semmbe e oon nokku mo cifi-ɗen, ina sowoo laabi jeetati haa sappo semmbe naange jettotooɗo leydi men ndi, nde tawnoo toon, alaa ko faddotoo ɗi, wonaa weeyo, wonaa duule. Yanti heen, toon alaa jamma, alaa biiruuji (waylo sahaa, ko wayi no ndunngu walla ceeɗu ekn ..). Ɗum noon, semmbe o ɓeeɓataa.

Hade satelit oo neldeede weeyo ɗo e hitaande 2030, won golle goɗɗe poti tawo waɗeede. Isin naange potɗo werleede dow o, maa yeñtin fotde miliyaar watt (ko ina huɓɓa fotde 17 miliyoŋ ampul), tawi njaru mum ko hedde 23 UM wonande kala kiloowatt-waktu (kilowattheure) ; coodgu kiloowatt-waktu jooni ina sowoo ɗum laabi jeegom.

E miijo Jean-Jacques Favier, karallo to Nokku Ngenndiijo ko fayti e Wiɗtooji weeyo to leydi Farayse «ɗum alaa caɗeele to bannge karallaagal, kono tan ina ɗaɓɓi ngalu keewngu sibu ko maa tonuuji keewɗi kaɓirɗe neldee nder weeyo. Yanti heen neldirgol semmbe o cereeli laseer walla mikroo-onduuji ina waɗi geɗe ɗe kuɓindaaka tawo, yanti heen ina waɗi gagga kisal yimɓe e sato».

Bookara Aamadu Bah

Ƴoogirde : lefigaro.fr

Kelmeendi

- Jirlol : orbite
- Nokku deŋal : point  géostationnaire
- Jirlol deŋol :(orbite géostationnaire) woni nokku mo ngoɗɗeeki mum e leydi (tooweendi mum) foti e 35 786 kiloomeeteer, jiimɗo cot e ŋorol peccol leydi men ndi.  E oon nokku satelit o taarotoo leydi ko e waktuuji 23 e hojomaaji 56 e 4,1 leƴƴannde, ɗum woni kanko e leydi men ndi poti njaaweendi : ɗum waɗi so neɗɗo gonɗo e leydi sooyniima satelit o, yiyata ko satelit dariiɗo ɗo gootel, deŋɗo (dariiɗo ɗo gootel). Ko e ooɗoo nokku satelitaaji telekommunikaasiyoŋ (kumpital kuutotoongal elektronik e informatik) kam e satelitaaji teleeji, walla deenooji leydi, ndeŋetee.
- Annoore : naanagal, leer
- watt : ɓetirgal semmbe. No paamraten, ampulaaji kuutorto-ɗen ɗi keewi wonde ko hakkunde 40 e 100 watt. Kiloowatt woni ujunere watt ; megawatt woni miliyoŋ watt ekn …
- Yiite woni «elektirisitee» walla «kuuraa».

Kabaaru belɗo wonande ɗemɗe men

Ŋaro deftre haaloore haala Inikod

Maande Inikod – Unicode - (maandingol winndereyankeewol) nana ɓurtoo denndaangal maaɗe kuutorteeɗe  ɗee kala so ndenndii, huutoreede e internet. Ɗum  ɗoon noon yo won to bannge peerorɗe, yo won to bannge kuutorɗe bayɗe no Word walla excel ekn… So o ɗon teskii hade alkule Unicode arde, winndude Pulaar e Internet ina hittunoo. Kono gila  ɗe mbaɗti huutoreede, eɗen njejjita nii caɗeele ina ngoodnoo. Hono no paamraten, kelle internet ina mbaawi huutoraade maaɗe keewɗe, kono yoga e majje ko  ɗemɗe seeɗa tan mbawi feeñninde, tawi noon Unicode ina waawi hollitde (nawde) ujunnaaje ujunnaaje  ɗemngal, tuggi arab, ƴaaŋan maa sinuwaa.

Nii woni caɗeele  ɗemɗe men cafroraa heen. Google kañum, tonngata  denndaangal geɗe mum ko e Unicode. Hay so o hawrii e maaɗe goɗɗe, o waylat  ɗum o waɗta e Unicode. E nder Unicode akulal kala jogii ko maandorde wootere nde heerorii, e nder ndaɗɗudi (windows, Mac OS, Linuƴ ekn ..) baawndi wonde kala walla e topirde waawnde wonde kala.

Ko faamde  ɗum addani yoga e feewnooɓe kuutorɗe internet (peerorɗe walla logisielaaji goɗɗi) huutoraade Unicode mbele  ɗemɗe winndere ndee kala (alkule kuutorteeɗe e winndere ndee kala) ina mbaawa feeñde heen.  Ko  ɗum addani haralleeɓe Internet e gollotooɓe e ƴellitgol  ɗem ɗe men jaggirde oo kabaaru, no kabaaru belɗo, belɗo, no feewi.

O ɗon mbaawi yahde  ɗo ngam ɓeydaade ƴellitaade heen.

http://hapax.qc.ca/Unicode-quasi-majoritaire.html 

Ko Amerik yerɓini leydi to Hayiti ?

Antenaaji HAARP

Aduna oo fof seediima no Amerik nootorii e yerɓannde leydi to Hayiti e doole ardi toon : ko ina wona 10 000 soldaat e laana nikleyeer (navire nucléaire). Ko idii oo musiiba heewɓe nganndaano Hayiti, walla nanatno ɗum tan, sibu ina famɗi ngoƴanooɗo ko yahata toon. Won wiyooɓe wonde wonaa Alla ɓolo leyɗe hirnaange ngardi toon, wonaa yiɗde wallude mehre. Won wiyooɓe ko njurum nawi ɓe toon.

Yimɓe ina nganndi tan, jotondiral hakkunde Amerik e Wenusuela (Vénuzuela) welaani, gila Kolommbi jaɓi jaɓɓaade konu Amerik e leydi mum. E darorɗe lewru saawiyee, Wenusuelaa hebbiima, e cili ɗiɗi, ndiwoowa konu Amerik e weeyo mum. Hugo Sawes seeraani e takkude Amerik yiɗde wuddinde nokku o. Amerik noon, wiyi woni ko e haɓde e waɗooɓe tarafik dorog kam e geriyaa mo Wenusuelaa wammbi walla nii ɗuhi.

Ko waawi heen wonde fof, hannde, haala ina heewi heen, haa arti noon e internet : aɗa tawa heen wiyooɓe wonde ko Amerik dillini leydi Hayiti, ko kam yerɓinnoo leydi to Siin (Chichuan), to Japon, ko kam kadi duppitnoo wuubiluuru to Farayse e hitaande 1999.

Ko waawnoo heen wonde fof, Wenusuelaa e Boliwi e Nikaraguwaa ɗaɓɓii batu Goomu Kisal Fedde Ngenndiije, ngam sunnaade batte «corkagol» konu Amerik e nder leydi Hayiti. Wonande Hugo Sawes, sikke alaa heen, ko Amerik yerɓini leydi to Hayiti. E wiyde makko ko «weforgo konu Riis Rewo»  habri ɗuum ; wonde konu Amerik wonnoo ko e jarribaade kaɓirgal kesal gila 1990, ganndiraangal HAARP (High Frequency Active Auroral Research Project) ngam «bonnirde Iraan njerɓannde leydi».

Ina wiyee wonde tele biyeteeɗo ViveTV yaltinii haala makko ɗo o wiyata «yontere ɓennunde nde, jarribo konu Amerik saabiima yerɓannde leydi tolniinde e 6,5 e daawrugal Richter, to wuro Eureka, to Kaliforni, kono alaa ko bonni toon», kono tan, hono ngoon jarribo waɗaango e geec Karaybe «saabiima warngo 140 000 fittaandu». O wiyi wonde «ɗum addanii Amerik dañde kadi hujja no naatiri e leydi Hayiti, neldi toon 10 000 soldaat … ». Daliilu goɗɗo mo o rokki ko wiyde wonde Amerik ina anndunoo ɗo bonannde nde jogori tolnaade, ko ɗum tagi ɓe nawde toon seneraal Kiin (Keen) gardiiɗo konu geec worgo (SouthCom), saraaji duunde nde, mbele ina ardoo faabuyaaji keñoraaɗi caggal jarribo ngo.

Won wiynooɓe kadi ko hono ngoon jarribo kaɓirgal yerɓo leydi (arme sismique) saabinoo yerɓannde leydi to Siisuwan (Siin). Huunde e dalillaaji dokkanooɗi ko wiyde wonde «heewɓe ceediima e asamaan, hojomaaji seeɗa ko adii yerɓannde leydi ndi, baylagol goobu duule kaawningol e weeyo Sisuwan» : ina wiyee wonde waɗata noon ko onndooji yiite-sulɗaande (ondes électromagnétiques) jahdooji e jarribo ngo. Ko ñalnde 12 mee 2008 leydi yerɓunoo toon.

Ina wiyee kadi wonde ngaal kaɓirgal ina waawi saabaade mbayliigaaji ngonka weeyo caabotooɗi ile mawɗe, sooñooji mawɗi walla mobbooji bonɗi. Ko yimɓe laaɓaa, ko jotondiral ina woodi hakkunde yerɓo leydi e iyonosfeer (ionosphère) nokku weeyo gonɗo hakkunde 60 e 800 kiloomeeteer tooweeki, ɗo HAARP jarribtee ɗo. 

HAARP

Eɓɓaande HAARP (High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program) ko eɓɓaande Dental Dowlaaji  Amerik, eɓɓaande ganndal e koninkaagu. Nde toppitii ko njiylawu e nder nokku weeyo biyeteeɗo iyonosfeer (ionosphère). Nde yowitii ko e tuddunde weeyo (base aérienne) Kirtland. Difii nde to bannge ngalu ko Konu weeyo e konu diƴƴe, to bannge golle ganndal nde yowitii ko e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Alaska. HAARP woni ko to Gakona, to Alaska. Njaru mum ko 30 miliyoŋ dolaar.

Oɗon njiɗi Google wona e Pulaar ! Fof fawii ko e mon !

yiyngo wooto e kelle firo Google

Google newnanii en golle : Google rokkii en fartaŋŋe firde ɗum kam e hoyre mum e denndaangal ɗemɗe winndere nde e rewrude e tuugnorgal mum biyeteengal « Google in Your Language – GIYL – (Google e ɗemngal ma). Kala jiɗɗo wallitde fulde Google, maa sosa tawo konte mum google (yeru neɗɗo@gmail.com). So a yettiima e kelle firo ɗe, ko Google e hoore mum hollitu ma

kelme walla konnguɗi potɗi fireede ɗi (ko ɗeɓi haaɓnaade heen seeɗa tan ko kelme ɗe ko e Engele, ɗum noon ko firo ummaade e Engele). Ɗum firti ko kankadi, woytoraandu alaa ! Kala mo ɗemngal mum alaa e Google, yo woyru leñol mum e ngaameela mum. Leƴƴi ɓurɗi softude fof keedata yeeso : ko ɗuum woodnoo gila ndeen, ko ɗuum woodi haa hannde. So tawii fulɓe ina njiɗi Google wona e Pulaar/Fulfulde tan, wonat jooni jooni, fawii tan ko e coftal maɓɓe e heɓaare maɓɓe e yarlitaare maɓɓe. Ɗum noon, banndiraaɓe, kala dañɗo hay so hojom, yo yah toon, fira hay so helmere wootere, seeɗa alaa ko barke woodi.

- So oɗon njiɗi ƴellitaade heen, njahee ɗo : http://www.google.fr/support/websearch/bin/answer.py?hl=fr&answer=17475

-              E ooɗoo nokku oɗon mbaawi yiyde ɗo ɗemɗe keewɗe njahrata e firo mum en : Pulaar fuɗɗaaki tawo, ɗum noon ndado-ɗee ! http://www.google.com/transconsole/giyl/check/status.

- Njahee to jakkaa firo Google : http://groups.google.com/group/google-e-pulaar 

----------------------------------------------

Google propose des pages pour sa traduction dans toutes les langues dans sa section "Google in Your Language - GIYL- (Google dans votre langue)". Pour y accéder, vous devez créer un compte google (si vous n'en avez pas déjà). A partir de là Google vous propose lui-même des termes à traduire (le seul handicap, ils sont en Anglais). Autant dire que la présence de Google dans une langue dépend maintenant de la disponibilité de ses locuteurs : on n'a pas besoin de demander à ce que Google soit en Pulaar, non ! Si nous le voulons, nous devons nous mettre au travail et le traduire directement nous-même.

- Pour plus d'informations, allez à  http://www.google.fr/support/websearch/bin/answer.py?hl=fr&answer=17475 (Utilisez un navigateur qui permet la traduction si vous n'êtes pas très forts en Anglais, par exemple "Internet Explorer 8").

- A ce lien vous trouverez l'état d'avancement des traductions dans différentes langues :

http://www.google.com/transconsole/giyl/check/status

-       Rendez-vous au forum de discussion sur la traduction de Google : http://groups.google.com/group/google-e-pulaar 

Faites circulez l'info pour le maximum de personnes contribuent à la traduction de Google en Pulaar.

Merci

Senegaalnaaɓe keɓii «hakkunde geese»

Maande Gmail

Hankadi, kala Senegaalnaajo jogiiɗo ordinateer e internet ina waawi winndondirde e cinndel (telefoŋ portaabal) mesasuuji daɓɓi, ko anndiraa SMS (Short message service). Ko ñalnde altine 26 sulyee 2010 Google hurmbiti ooɗoo sarwiis keso wonande Senegaal. O wiyetee ko Gmail sms.

Ɗum noon, Senegaalnaaɓe kala huutortooɓe ooɗoo Gmail sms (neldirgel ɓatakeeji Google) ina mbaawi neldude walla heɓde ɓatakeeji binndaaɗi tawi njoɓaani hay fiftiin ; aɓe mbaawi nii jaabjaabtondirde e binndol (chat) e yimɓe ɓe ɓe njokkondiri.

Sms ina waɗetenoo ko ɓooyi hakkunde cinndel e cinndel, kono binndi ɗi mbaawaano hisneede no haanirta nii, nde tawnoo portaabal (cinndel) ina majja, walla bona : jooni, so a huutoriima Gmail, aɗa waawi hisnude denndaangal jokkondire maa ko aldaa e happu, sibu kala ko mooftaa e internet majjataa.

Neɗɗo kala kuutortooɗo oo sarwiis, ina jogii, e fuɗɗoode ɗo, hakke neldude 50 sms tawa yoɓaani. Kala nde neldu-ɗaa mesaas, aɗa yamiree neldude joy goɗɗi. So tawii noon njaabtori-ɗaa ko cinndel, njoɓataa tan ko ko ngoowno-ɗaa yoɓde ko.

E nder leydi Senegaal ndi, waawi huutoraade sarwiis oo tan e ooɗoo sahaa ko Tigo e Orange.

E nder winndere nde no diidorinoo, ko leyɗe nay tan kuutortoo ooɗoo sarwiis ; e nder Afrik ko Senegaal ɗiɗmiti Ganaa. Wonande Tijjaan Dem, jooɗaniiɗo Google e Afrik kaloowo Farayse, « ɗumɗoo ina hollita faayiida Google rokki Senegaal ».

So tawii neɗɗo heɓii daraja mawɗo, walla aannii aduna, heewnoo wiyeede ko « heɓii hakkunde wuro » ; jooni, eɗen mbaawi wiyde « Senegaal heɓii hakkunde geese » !

Bookara Aamadu Bah

Sida : Ko e laawol wonaa

Maande SIDA

Batu 18ɓu jowitiingu e Sida jooɗiima to wuro ina wiyee Vienne to leydi Otris, tuggi  18 haa 23 sulyee 2010 . Udditi ngu ko Kuuɓal Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe e hoore mum, hono Ban Ki Moon. Ko ina wona 20 000 neɗɗo ina tawtoraa : karalleeɓe cellal, wiɗtooɓe, jeyaaɓe e pelle, wonduɓe e rafi o ekn …

Ñalnde 19 sulyee nde, won golle kollitaa e batu he, jibinɗe ɗamaawu mawɗo. Waɗi ɗeen golle, yettini ɗum en batu ngu, ko Nokku Afrik worgonaajo ko fayti e wiɗto yowitiingo e Sida to Durban (Caprisa). Ina wayi no gila 2007, annduɓe Afrik worgonaaɓe gollotooɓe e oon nokku ngonnoo ko e jarribaade penndam (gel e Farayse). 900 debbo, yahrooɓe hakkunde duuɓi 18 e 40, njarribiima ɗam. Teskaama wonde aɗam usta raaɓo Sida, fotde feccere. Ɗum ɗoon noon ko huunde mawnde wonande annduɓe ɓe, sibu kala ko ina usta raaɓo ngo, ina haɗa ñawu ngu ɓeydaade saraade. Ko ɗum addani ɓe semmbinde duhagol (ɓoornagol walla kaddungal) worɓe, sibu teskaama, ɗuum ne kadi ina jeyaa e ko ustata raaɓo Sida, fotde 60%. Yimɓe fof ina kawri ɗumɗoo fotaani woppinde kuutoragol ko wiyetee « préservatif » ko (ndeentorka).

Ko noon kadi wonande safaara kuutorteeɗo e ooɗoo sahaa o, ganndiraaɗo ‘trithérapies’ woni safaara denɗiɗo safaruuji tati. Oon ne kadi teskaama ina usta raaɓo.

Feso ina ɗaminaa

Won goomuuji wiɗto faytungo e cellal njiyti ngeɗon ɗiɗon mbiyeteekon « antijeen », ngonowon e ƴiiƴam, mbaawkon faddaade ko ɓuri heewde e eddaaji mboros gaddoowo sida o. Ɓeen wiɗtooɓe ko Ameriknaaɓe. Oo kabaaru jibinii ɗamaawu mawɗo, sibu ko yiytaa ko ina waawi wonde ndaɗɗudi peewnugol feso faddotoongo ñawu ngu kam e ñawbuuli goɗɗi keewɗi.  

E wiyde Michel Sidibé, Gardiiɗo Onusida (Njuɓɓudi Fedde Ngenndiije toppitiinde Sida), ko ina ɓura miliyoŋaaji 5 neɗɗo ina cafroo ; ɗumɗoo ko huunde maantinde, sibu ko ɓeydaare nde hono mum meeɗaa waɗde e ɗiiɗoo duuɓi 20 cakkitiiɗi. Yanti heen kadi, ustagol ñawooɓe ina teskaa, fotde 17%.

Wonande Afrik noon o ɓuri teeŋtinde ko raaɓo ummaade yumma feewde e ɓiɗɗo, sibu fotde 400 000 ina njibidinee hitaande kala e Sida e nder Afrik, tawi nattii woodde e nokkuuji winndere nde keddiiɗi ɗi. Tataɓal ɓeen sukaaɓe keewi ko sankaade ko adii nde ndañata hitaande.

Wonannde penndam njiytaɗam ɗam, o wiyi wonde alaa ko ɓuri ɗumɗoo himmude to bannge paddagol ñawu ngu. Sibu, wonaa tan sabu aɗam usta raaɓo, kono ko sabu kadi rewɓe ɓe maa mbaaw tamde fiyakuuji mum en to oon bannge, sibu ko kamɓe kuutortoo ɗam, tawi ɓe coklaani ɗaɓɓude yamiroore hay gooto : ɗum maa addan ɓe waawde hisnude koye e maɓɓe e yoga e jotondire njogoram ɗe koolnaaki. Ko ɗum huunde maantinde sibu denndaangal kuutorɗe goodnooɗe adan ɗe pawinoo e ko e worɓe.

Ko woni ONUSIDA ?

ONUSIDA (walla UNAIDS e Engele) ko tuugnorgal Fedde ngenndiije toppitiingal yuɓɓinde golle juɓɓule fanniyankooje Fedde nde ngam haɓde e ñawu VIH/Sida. Ngal sosaa ko âlnde 1 desammbar 1995. Joɗnde njuɓɓudi ndi woni ko Jeneef, to leydi Siwis. Ardii njuɓɓudi ndi ko Malinaajo biyeteeɗo Michel Sidibe, gila 1 desammbar 2008.

Addani ONUSIDA soseede ko faamde wonde SIDA haɓortaako tan to bannge cellal, sibu no ngu sardortoo nii kam e njaajeendi maggu, alaa e fannuuji nguurndam ɗi ngu woppi. Pelle keewɗe e leyɗe keewɗe ina njoginoo tuugnorɗe mum en hare, kono ɗe njokkondiraano : ko yuɓɓinde denndaangaal golle ɗe addani ONUSIDA soseede. En paamii tan golle ONUSIDA wonaa hokkude ngaluuji, alaa, ko yuɓɓinde golle e renndinnde keɓe e kabaruuji e humpitooji, woni gollal gadanal. Gollal ɗiɗmal ONUSIDA ko rokkude kabaruuji jowitiiɗi e batte ñawu ngu, gila to bannge cellal (limoore ñawɓe) haa to bannge renndo (nguurndam wonduɓe e Sida) haa to bannge faggudu (batte ñawu ngu e faggudu leyɗe ɗe). Gollal tataɓal ONUSIDA ko ardaade politik kuftodinɗo hare feewde e SIDA, ko wayi no cosgol won ɗeen tuugnorɗe.

F.Ɓ

Sida : feso ina ɗaminaa ɗo e duuɓi 4 haa 5.

Luc Montagnier

 Porfeseer Luc Montagnier, keɓooɗo hikka njeenaari mbiyeteendi « Prix Nobel » ko fayti e safaara wiyi ina yaakorii wonde feso safroowo Sida ina waawi dañeede ɗo e « duuɓi nay haa joy ».

«welaani haalde, kono ina gasa wona ɗoo e duuɓi nay maa joy ». Nde o naamndaa mbele o heñaaki ? O jaabii « ko e ɗeen golle ngon-ɗen ko ina wona jooni duuɓi sappo ». O wiyi noon wonde « feso safroowo » ɓuri newaade e « feso faddotoongo ». O heptinii noon wonde Sida ko ñawu caɗtungu faamde, tee haa hannde annduɓe ngoni ko etaade faamde ko saabii "paddorde ɓalndu neɗɗo ina colɓitoroo nii …" .

E miijo makko, hay so tawii yimɓe mbaawaani haɗde ñawu ngu, peeje keewɗe ina ngoodi ngam ustude raaɓo-raaɓo maggu : findinde yimɓe ɓe e faamninde ɗum en no tewortoo ñawu ngu.

BIyeteeɗo Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, mo Luc Montagnier heɓdunoo njeenaari kaal-ɗe dow ndi,  wiyi wonde «hay gooto anndaa nde feso faddotoongo ñawu ngu waawata heɓaade». «Eɗen poti heptinde wonde en nganndaa nde ɗum wonoyta, pot-ɗen tan ko jokkude golle». O teeŋtinii no feewi kimmugol njilawu ngam faamde no «mboros Sida o wonirta nder ɓalndu e no wiltirta heen », sibu ko ɗum saabii ñawɓe ɗum ɓe ko alaa e sago nduumoo e safaara goodaaɗo o kaaɗdi nguurngam mum en.

«Ko ɗum ñawu cabbinoowu e nokkuuji cebooji (muqueueses) ; ko ɗum tagi, so en njiɗii feewnude feso, alaa sago paamen no moƴƴi hol no terɗe cebooje kaɓtortoo ñawu».

Ɓeeɗoo annduɓe Faraysenaaɓe keɓii, no mbiyruno-ɗen, njeenaari e lewru oktoobar ɓennundu ndu, sabu ko kamɓe njiyti mboros Sida (VIH). Ve kevata njeenaari ndi ko e juuɗe laamɗo Suède, to wuro ina wiyee Stockholm. Njeenaari ndi ina waɗi Seedantaagal (Diplôme) kam e medaay (Karaŋ) e wondude miliyoŋaaji 10 kaalis Suède (fotde 300 miliyoŋ ugiyya).

Kaalis oo noon ɓe keɓata heen tan ko feccere ; feccere heddiinde nde, nawata ɗum ko ganndo Almaañnaajo biyeteeɗo Harald zur Hausen, keɓɗo hono njeenaari maɓɓe ndi sabu wiɗtooji mum jowitiiɗi e mboros caabotooɗo ñawu mbiyeteengu Kanseer (Cancer) mbalndi jibinirgol debbo (Utérus). 

Sokna Barré Sinoussi ina yahra e duuɓi 61, Porfeseer Luc Montagnier 76 hitaande. Golle maɓɓe ngaddani annduɓe faamde ñawu Sida ngu e dañande ɗum safaara goodaaɗo hannde o ».

Eɗen ciftina tan wonde ñawu Sida ngu feeñi ko e hitaande 1981. E oon sahaa, luural mawgal joliino jowitiingal e anndude « hol gidiiɗo yiytude ngu » : mbele ko Luc Montagnier (Farayse) walla ko Robert Galo (Amerik) ? Ina wayino ngaal luural kam diwtaama hannde sibu yimɓe fof ina kawri wonde « ɗum yiytaa ko Paris », hay so tawii noon, annduɓe ɓe ina keptini golle paayodinɗe ɗe Galo gollii. 

M. zur Hausen, jahroowo e duuɓi 72, kam wonnoo gardiiɗo ko fayti e njiylawu kanseer (Cancer) to Almaañ.

(kɗl :Bookara Aamadu Bah)